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发信人: oceann (浪子回头金不换~), 信区: English
标 题: [好文共赏]L·G·亚历山大:习好英语16条!
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Wed Mar 10 22:32:32 2004), 站内信件
L. G. Alexander:16 Tips on English Learing
1. Learning a language means learning a skill, not acquiring knowledge. Yo
u test your command of a foreign language by your ability to perform in it, no
t by how much you know about it. Performance refers to your ability to underst
and, speak, read and write. Knowledge refers mainly to grammar rules and vocab
ulary.
2. So avoid reading anything that you know is too difficult for you. Readi
ng should be a pleasure, so the texts should be within your range.
3. If you read enough, you will find that you will acquire a large vocabul
ary without needing to turn to the dictionary all the time.
4. If you are reading an argument, make notes on the points “for“ and “
against“. Once you have these notes, use them to give a little talk in Englis
h which attempts to recreate what you have just read. Alternatively, use the n
otes to “say the text to yourself“ as a mental exercise. You will soon get i
nto the habit of not only reading in English, but thinking in English as well.
Thinking in a foreign language is an indispensable requirement of fluency.
5. You should read as widely as you can. You don’t want to read pieces wh
ich aremainly about language and language learning, so try to read articles in
general magazines (either local or international).
6. The best way to give up smoking is to stop smoking cigarettes, etc. The
best way to eat less is to start eating less. The best way to read an article
is toread it.
7. Writing a summary of something you have read is excellent practice.
8. Keeping a diary is an excellent way of improving your written English f
or the following reasons: 1) It is constant practice. 2) You are writing about
true experiences. 3) Writing a diary gives you constant practice in three wri
ting styles: narration, description and reflection.
9. Remember, there are two kinds of vocabulary: receptive and productive.
Receptive vocabulary refers to the words you can recognize and understand but
can’t necessarily use. Productive vocabulary refers to the words you know and
can use with confidence.
10. It’s totally pointless learning grammar for its own sake.
11. Sentence structure is the way we show the relationship between ideas a
nd events.
12. The most important thing to do with a dictionary is really to use it,
above all when you are reading. Use it till you know your way round it and enj
oy what it offers you.
13. Reading a newspaper is the very best thing you can do to improve your
English. Don’t set yourself too much reading so you become discouraged. Read
a little from a newspaper every day. It will put you in touch with a whole ran
ge of subjects in good modern English.
14. I would say you have to discount your native language. Interference fr
om your native language is the biggest barrier to acquisition. ... You have to
unlearn the habits you have acquired in your native language in order to mast
er the habit you need to speak a foreign language. This is very difficult and
accounts for the different foreign varieties of English you hear round the wor
ld (Frenglish, Spanglish, Chinglish, etc.): the native language is asserting i
tself in English and “interfering“ with acquisition. Interference occurs in
all areas: pronunciation, stress and intonation, grammar, vocabulary as well a
s ways of thinking, ways of problem-solving. Even misunderstandings among nati
ons are often the direct product of this kind of interference.
15. Listening comprehension is the key to the command of any foreign langu
age. That’s one of the reasons why it’s so difficult to learn on your own.
16. Any communicative or practical use of English is better than study in
grammar for its own sake. ... Whatever you do, don’t study grammar in isolati
on.
--
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