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发信人: Vicissitudes (命运), 信区: English
标 题: A Piece Everyday
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2002年07月29日20:50:39 星期一), 站内信件
Getting it together
Liberals won't like it, conservatives will loathe it, but it's time for blac
k MPs to form their own caucus
Gary Younge
Monday July 29, 2002
The Guardian
I remember when four black MPs were elected back in 1987. I was teaching in
Sudan when a friend ran up to me clutching an Arabic newspaper, shouting: "I
t's true, it's true" and congratulating me on the success of my "compatriots
". It was a breakthrough. For the previous eight months, my claims that I wa
s born and raised in Britain were ridiculed by the Sudanese. To them, Britis
h and white were synonymous, and I was in denial.
Worse still, I knew there were many back at home who would agree with them.
The insults - "Go back to where you come from" - and the interrogation - "Bu
t where do you really come from?" - were still ringing in my ears. A few yea
rs later Norman Tebbit would set us his notorious test. So if news of the bl
ack MPs' election validated me in the eyes of the Sudanese, it also helped t
o legitimise my own personal narrative. It assisted me with a meaningful des
cription of who I was, at a time when no definition was readily available. I
was a black Briton; I even had "compatriots". I might have been born here,
but their electoral success helped me feel that I had arrived.
In that sense, their victory was of symbolic importance. And while symbols s
hould not be dismissed as insubstantial, they should not be mistaken for sub
stance either. Fifteen years later, we have treble the number of black parli
amentarians and a lower level of turnout in the black community. It is time
to start asking whether they are serving Britain's minority communities as w
ell as they might. The front page of last week's black newspaper, The New Na
tion, put it more starkly. Showing pictures of four black MPs, it asked: "Wh
at have you done for us lately?"
The issue here is not whether they are performing well individually. When it
comes to the balance between their careers and consciences, many of us migh
t wish to see a shift in priorities. But any way you look at it, some are do
ing brilliantly and none is doing worse than any of their white colleagues.
But they did not get there by themselves alone. They were carried on the sho
ulders of those who took to the streets during the 1980s to protest against
racism. Paul Boateng may have been appointed to the cabinet on "the content
of his character", but "the colour of his skin" was a crucial qualification
for the all-black shortlist from which he was selected in the mid-1980s. Muc
h of the support for David Lammy, a junior minister, in Tottenham came from
those who wanted a black MP to take over the late Bernie Grant's seat.
This detracts not one iota from their personal achievements. Nelson Mandela'
s brilliance is beyond question. But he would be the first to tell you that
he couldn't have achieved it without the collective strength of black South
Africans. There is only so much anyone can achieve individually. At present,
black parliamentarians have no mechanism, structure or tradition of even ta
lking to each other, let alone trying to shape policy. In a year that has se
en the rise of the far right all over Europe, including here, the intensifie
d scapegoating of asylum seekers and Muslims, riots in the north and a home
secretary who refers to Britain being "swamped", they have not once met toge
ther. We look in their direction for a coordinated response to stop the raci
al discourse from going into freefall. What we see is a group of isolated in
dividuals, vulnerable before the party machines and cautious before a racial
ly hostile press, mostly looking the other way.
It doesn't have to be like this. Not because 12 represents a critical mass t
hat could determine policy outcome, particularly given the government's majo
rity, but because together they could exert a moral force that would outweig
h their actual number. We need a parliamentary black caucus - an organisatio
n giving coherence to the efforts of non-white legislators in both chambers
and from all parties which could intervene at all levels of the decision-mak
ing process.
We need it because while race does not determine their politics, it does inf
orm them. They need to meet, not so they can agree but so they can discuss a
nd disagree, force issues on to the agenda that would otherwise be ignored a
nd help to mould policies which would otherwise be imposed. Together, they c
ould add a black dimension to general issues and a general dimension to blac
k issues.
For the benefits of such an arrangement we should look to Washington and the
congressional black caucus (CBC). Currently 38-strong, it meets once a week
for lunch to discuss policies and priorities. Its decisions are not binding
, but it is able to call senior officials to account. When the treasury secr
etary, Paul O'Neill, returned from a recent trip to Africa, he was questione
d by the CBC. The CBC will soon be holding its own hearings in Inglewood, Ca
lifornia, following the recent videotaping of police brutality there.
Attempting to replicate this in Britain would not be without its problems. W
here race is concerned, black has always been a political colour - one which
describes a broad commonality of experience rather than a particular hue. B
ut over the past few decades, the experiences of Britain's various ethnic gr
oups have increasingly fractured, particularly economically and culturally.
Whether a caucus can encapsulate and express those divergences is a moot poi
nt. On key issues such as immigration, ID cards and the criminal justice sys
tem, there would probably be few problems; on Kashmir and religious educatio
n, strains might show. A caucus in parliament could also become another tool
for career advancement within the system, rather than an attempt to reach o
utside parliament and make the system more accessible. Both potential proble
ms suggest caution is needed; neither should be taken as an excuse not to tr
y.
Either way, the notion of a black caucus will have to overcome the familiar
mix of peevish careerism, squeamish liberalism and reactionary venom that ge
nerally greets calls for black self-organisation. Some black MPs will balk f
or fear of being pigeonholed. Their anxiety is understandable, but it betray
s a lack of self-confidence. Whenever black people join forces to think or t
alk, there will always be some who refer to it as a "ghetto". When white peo
ple do the same, we refer to it as a board of directors or thinktank.
The truth remains that without collective organisation little has ever been
achieved, and the accusations hold no water outside a racially distorted min
dset. Membership of one caucus does not prevent you from representing other
interests or people. There is a group for Scottish MPs - nobody suggests tha
t Gordon Brown cannot be a member of this and deal with the national economy
. Liberals will worry about segregation. But a caucus would be seeking auton
omous space within the mainstream to push for equality, not separation in or
der to deny it. Reactionaries will demand the same rights for whites, wilful
ly ignorant that between 1929 and 1987 there was a huge parliamentary white
caucus. They called it the House of Commons.
--
I do not believe vicissitudes.
Then, who am I?
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