English 版 (精华区)
发信人: icecap (冰蓝), 信区: English
标 题: The Divine Right of Kings to Rule
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Tue Apr 1 17:07:40 2003) , 转信
James I, Charles I and the descent into Civil War, the King executed, Cromwell
rules
James Stuart was a Scottish Catholic who believed in the "Divine Right" to
rule as he pleased. This brought him into conflict with the English Parliament
. The failed Catholic Gunpowder Plot to blow up Parliament in 1605 led to anti
catholic riots. The failure of both James and his son Charles I to understand
the English tradition of parliamentary liberty led eventually to civil war.
James died unlamented in 1625. Charles I immediately came in to conflict with
Parliament. He tried to rule without summoning parliament for 11 years, but
eventually ran out of money,and summoned Parliament in 1640. Parliament was
naturally peeved about his neglect of their rights. They refused him money,
and the country split between supporters of the king and supporters of
parliament.
The first major Engagement of the Civil War was at Edgehill in the Cotswolds
on 1642. Indecision among the Royalists and the moulding of the New Model army
by the parliamentarians led to Parliament gaining the upper hand, and by 1645
Cromwell won the decisive Battle of Naseby. Charles was captured and put on
trial for treason in 1649. He refused to recognise the court, but was
regardless found guilty. 59 republicans signed the death warrant, and after
the restoration Charles II prosecuted those that he could.
Oliver Cromwell and the army emerged as the power in the land. Cromwell
dissolved parliament with the words "Depart I say, and let us have done with
you. In the name of God , go!" It was the start of England's only period of
dictatorship Cromwell was unable to find anything to replace the monarchy.
When he died in 1658 his son Richard suceeded him, but "Tumbledown Dick" was
not a man to rule Britain, and in 1660 Charles II was restored to the throne
his father had died for.
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