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发信人: icecap (暖一暖), 信区: English
标 题: Restoration
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Wed Apr 2 11:44:19 2003) , 转信
Restoration Charles II, James II , William III and Anne
Cromwell's failure to put in place a workable alternative to the monarchy,
resulted in the country bringing back from exile the monarchy in the form
of Charles II, son of the beheaded Charles I. Charles' lasting place in
posterity is due to his penchant for mistresses and the resultant
illegitimate children, many of whom received dukedoms which survive to
this day.
Soon after Charles succession Britain had two major catastrophes - the Plague
in 1665, 70,000 died in London alone and the Great Fire of London the
following year. However it was the succession that concerned the country. Charles
produced no legitimate heirs, and it was his Catholic brother James II who
succeeded him in 1685. Britain had briefly been republic, but it was now
back to Protestant and Catholic kings.
James II reign proved disastrous, he antagonized the government by suspending
the anti Catholic laws, then arresting 6 bishops, finally James second wife
produced a male heir, (James the old pretender). Leading politicians turned
to James II Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange and off
ered them the throne. William landed with an army . James fled to Ireland,
where he was eventually defeated in battle by William. James II son, the old
pretender and grandson, the young pretender, both tried to re-take the throne
but failed.
Anne, Younger, Protestant daughter of James II succeeded to the throne in 1702
. Her reign is noted for the rise of the Churchill's. Anne's childhood friend
Sarah, married John Churchill. Churchill was a brilliant general, who finally
succeeded in defeating the French after marching his army 600 miles across
Europe. The battle of Blenheim 1704 saw the end of French dominance in Europe. Chur
chill was rewarded with the title Duke of Marlborough, and Blenheim Palace was
paid for by the nation. Sarah Churchill and Anne quarreled a few years later
and their influence on state affairs declined.
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※ 来源:.哈工大紫丁香 http://bbs.hit.edu.cn [FROM: 61.158.43.220]
※ 修改:·icecap 於 04月02日11:59:45 修改本文·[FROM: 61.158.43.220]
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