English 版 (精华区)
发信人: icecap (暖一暖), 信区: English
标 题: The House of Hanover
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Wed Apr 2 11:48:09 2003) , 转信
The House of Hanover 1714 - 1815
There were a lot of better qualified people available to be king of England,
unfortunately most of them were Catholic. George I was a German who did not
speak a word of English, but was Protestant. So started the rule of the House
of Hanover, under whom Britain achieved wealth and peace over the next century
George was immediately challenged by James II's son, James the Old Pretender,
landing in Scotland in an abortive attempt to seize the throne. James soon
fled back into exile in France With foreign kings. parliament became more
powerful, and the leading politician was Walpole who was prime minister until
1742. He avoided the expense of war, and Britain prospered.
In 1745 the exiled Stuarts led by James II's grandson, Bonnie Prince Charlie.
His Highland army got as far south as Derby, but a poor supply line
and English reinforcements forced them to retreat. A retreat that ended with
the final defeat at Culloden.
The coming of George III to the throne in 1760, brought the first British
born king for 50 years. And a king who was to reign for the next 50 years.
They were exciting times, marred only by the loss of the American Colonies.
A canal network was built. Captain Cook explored the Pacific. Robert Adams
was the architect to commission, John Wilkes won liberties for the people,
Josiah Wedgwood made china, Gainsborough and Stubbs paints, Capability Brown
designed gardens.
Britain won new territories in Canada and India, but lost the oldest
settlement of all, with the declaration of independence by the American
colonies in 1776 and the final surrender at Yorktown in 1781 The loss of
the American colonies brought about changes in Britain with the appointment
of Pitt the Younger as prime minister, whose legislative programme was to
bring about the end of royal power.
At home the industrial revolution was in full swing. Coal fires lit the night
sky as they powered steam engines in factories. But in Europe, French power
was manifesting itself following the French revolution in 1789. Nelsons's
victory at Trafalgar ensured the Britain ruled the seas, but French troops
controlled Europe. A major war loomed.
--
※ 来源:.哈工大紫丁香 http://bbs.hit.edu.cn [FROM: 61.158.43.220]
※ 修改:·icecap 於 04月02日12:01:51 修改本文·[FROM: 61.158.43.220]
Powered by KBS BBS 2.0 (http://dev.kcn.cn)
页面执行时间:2.442毫秒