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发信人: icecap (暖一暖), 信区: English
标 题: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE US (1)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年04月16日16:59:27 星期三), 站内信件
Article I
Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congre
ss of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Repres
entatives.
Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen
every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in e
ach state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most n
umerous branch of the state legislature.
No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age o
f twenty five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, an
d who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he sh
all be chosen.
Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several stat
es which may be included within this union, according to their respective nu
mbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free perso
ns, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indi
ans not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration sha
ll be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the
United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manne
r as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not excee
d one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one Repr
esentative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the state of New Hamps
hire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and
Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four
, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Caroli
na five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.
When vacancies happen in the Representation from any state, the executive au
thority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.
The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers;
and shall have the sole power of impeachment.
Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators
from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years; and each
Senator shall have one vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first electi
on, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats
of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of th
e second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and
the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one third may
be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or othe
rwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the executive ther
eof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislatur
e, which shall then fill such vacancies.
No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirt
y years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States and who shall no
t, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen
.
The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, bu
t shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.
The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempo
re, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the offi
ce of President of the United States.
The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting f
or that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of
the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no person
shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members pres
ent.
Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal fr
om office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust
or profit under the United States: but the party convicted shall neverthele
ss be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, acco
rding to law.
Section 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators an
d Representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature ther
eof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations,
except as to the places of choosing Senators.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting sh
all be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a d
ifferent day.
Section 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns and quali
fications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quor
um to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may
be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, a
nd under such penalties as each House may provide.
Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members fo
r disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a memb
er.
Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time pu
blish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrec
y; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shal
l, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.
Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of
the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than th
at in which the two Houses shall be sitting.
Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for
their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of t
he United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony and breach
of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the sess
ion of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same;
and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned
in any other place.
No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected
, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States,
which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been in
creased during such time: and no person holding any office under the United
States, shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.
Section 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Rep
resentatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on oth
er Bills.
Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Sena
te, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the Unit
ed States; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, wi
th his objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall
enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider i
t. If after such reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pas
s the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other Hou
se, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two third
s of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of b
oth Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the person
s voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each Ho
use respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within
ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the s
ame shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congre
ss by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a
law.
Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and
House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournme
nt) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the
same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by h
im, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representativ
es, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.
Section 8. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, i
mposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and
general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises sh
all be uniform throughout the United States;
To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and
with the Indian tribes;
To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subje
ct of bankruptcies throughout the United States;
To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the
standard of weights and measures;
To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current c
oin of the United States;
To establish post offices and post roads;
To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited
times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writi
ngs and discoveries;
To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;
To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and o
ffenses against the law of nations;
To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concern
ing captures on land and water;
To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall
be for a longer term than two years;
To provide and maintain a navy;
To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces
;
To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, s
uppress insurrections and repel invasions;
To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for go
verning such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United St
ates, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers,
and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline presc
ribed by Congress;
To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such Distric
t (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states,
and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the Uni
ted States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the
consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the
erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildin
gs;--And
To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execu
tion the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution
in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer ther
eof.
Section 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states
now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Co
ngress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or
duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each
person.
The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless wh
en in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.
No bill of attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
No capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to t
he census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state.
No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the
ports of one state over those of another: nor shall vessels bound to, or fr
om, one state, be obliged to enter, clear or pay duties in another.
No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriati
ons made by law; and a regular statement and account of receipts and expendi
tures of all public money shall be published from time to time.
No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: and no person ho
lding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent o
f the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any k
ind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state.
Section 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation
; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; ma
ke anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any
bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of con
tracts, or grant any title of nobility.
No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duti
es on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for execut
ing its inspection laws: and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid
by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of
the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and c
ontrol of the Congress.
No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, ke
ep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or com
pact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless a
ctually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.
--
Everyday we have
is one more than we deserve
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