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发信人: Systems (Queen Victoria Died), 信区: English
标 题: The Anglo Saxons--EDWARD III 'THE CONFESSOR'
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年04月06日18:18:21 星期天), 站内信件
EDWARD III 'THE CONFESSOR' (r. 1042-1066)
In 1042 Edward 'the Confessor' became King. As the surviving son of Ethelred
and his second wife, Emma, he was a half-brother of Hardicanute. With few r
ivals (Canute's line was extinct and Edward's only male relatives were two n
ephews in exile), Edward was undisputed king; the threat of usurpation by th
e King of Norway rallied the English and Danes in allegiance to Edward.
Brought up in exile in Normandy, Edward lacked military ability or reputatio
n. His Norman sympathies caused tensions with one of Canute's most powerful
earls, Godwin of Wessex, whose daughter, Edith, Edward married in 1045 (the
marriage was childless).
These tensions resulted in the crisis of 1050-52, when Godwin assembled an a
rmy to defy Edward. With reinforcements from the earls of Mercia and Northum
berland, Edward banished Godwin from the country and sent Queen Edith from c
ourt. Edward used the opportunity to appoint Normans to places at court, and
as sheriffs at local level.
William, Duke of Normandy may have been designated heir. However, the hostil
e reaction to this increased Norman influence brought Godwin back. Edward su
bsequently formed a closer alliance with Godwin's son Harold, who led the ar
my as the king's deputy (he defeated a Welsh incursion in 1055) and whom Edw
ard may have named as heir on his deathbed.
Warding off political threats, England during the last 15 years of Edward's
reign was relatively peaceful. Prosperity was rising as agricultural techniq
ues improved and the population rose to around one million. Taxation was com
paratively light, as Edward was not an extravagant king and lived off the re
venues of his own lands (approximately £5,500 a year) - nor did he have to
pay for expensive military campaigns. Deeply religious, Edward was responsib
le for building Westminster Abbey (in the Norman style) and he was buried th
ere after his death in 1066.
--
I am looking outside into the rain
through the blurred window, in front
of which you seem to be there.
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