English 版 (精华区)
发信人: Systems (Queen Victoria Died), 信区: English
标 题: The Angevins--HENRY II CURTMANTLE
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年04月06日18:24:45 星期天), 站内信件
HENRY II CURTMANTLE (r. 1154-1189)
Henry II ruled over an empire which stretched from the Scottish border to th
e Pyrenees. One of the strongest, most energetic and imaginative rulers, Hen
ry was the inheritor of three dynasties who had acquired Aquitaine by marria
ge; his charters listed them: 'King of the English, Duke of the Normans and
Aquitanians and Count of the Angevins'. The King spent only 13 years of his
reign in England; the other 21 years were spent on the continent in his terr
itories in what is now France. Henry's rapid movements in carrying out his d
ynastic responsibilities astonished the French king, who noted 'now in Engla
nd, now in Normandy, he must fly rather than travel by horse or ship'.
By 1158, Henry had restored to the Crown some of the lands and royal power l
ost by Stephen; Malcom IV of Scotland was compelled to return the northern c
ounties. Locally chosen sheriffs were changed into royally appointed agents
charged with enforcing the law and collecting taxes in the counties. Persona
lly interested in government and law, Henry made use of juries and re-introd
uced the sending of justices (judges) on regular tours of the country to try
cases for the Crown. His legal reforms have led him to be seen as the found
er of English Common Law.
Henry's disagreements with the Archbishop of Canterbury (the king's former c
hief adviser), Thomas à Becket, over Church-State relations ended in Becket
's murder in 1170 and a papal interdict on England. Family disputes over ter
ritorial ambitions almost wrecked the king's achievements. Henry died in Fra
nce in 1189, at war with his son Richard, who had joined forces with King Ph
ilip of France to attack Normandy.
--
We are angels with but one wing.
To fly we must embrace each other.
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