English 版 (精华区)
发信人: Systems (Queen Victoria Died), 信区: English
标 题: The Angevins--RICHARD I 'THE LIONHEART'
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年04月06日18:26:00 星期天), 站内信件
RICHARD I COEUR DE LION ('THE LIONHEART') (r. 1189-1199)
Henry's elder son, Richard I (reigned 1189-99), fulfilled his main ambition
by going on crusade in 1190, leaving the ruling of England to others. After
his victories over Saladin at the siege of Acre and the battles of Arsuf and
Jaffa, concluded by the treaty of Jaffa (1192), Richard was returning from
the Holy Land when he was captured in Austria. In early 1193, Richard was tr
ansferred to Emperor Henry VI's custody.
In Richard's absence, King Philip of France failed to obtain Richard's Frenc
h possessions through invasion or negotiation. In England, Richard's brother
John occupied Windsor Castle and prepared an invasion of England by Flemish
mercenaries, accompanied by armed uprisings. Their mother, Queen Eleanor, t
ook firm action against John by strengthening garrisons and again exacting o
aths of allegiance to the king. John's subversive activities were ended by t
he payment of a crushing ransom of 150,000 marks of silver to the emperor, f
or Richard's release in 1194. Warned by Philip's famous message 'look to you
rself, the devil is loosed', John fled to the French court.
On his return to England, Richard was recrowned at Winchester in 1194. Five
years later he died in France during a minor siege against a rebellious baro
n. By the time of his death, Richard had recovered all his lands. His succes
s was short-lived. In 1199 his brother John became king and Philip successfu
lly invaded Normandy. By 1203, John had retreated to England, losing his Fre
nch lands of Normandy and Anjou by 1205.
--
I am looking outside into the rain
through the blurred window, in front
of which you seem to be there.
※ 来源:·哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn·[FROM: 211.154.92.98]
Powered by KBS BBS 2.0 (http://dev.kcn.cn)
页面执行时间:3.672毫秒