English 版 (精华区)
发信人: Systems (Queen Victoria Died), 信区: English
标 题: The Plantagenets--HENRY III
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年04月06日18:27:54 星期天), 站内信件
HENRY III (r. 1216-1272)
Henry III, King John's son, was only nine when he became King. By 1227, when
he assumed power from his regent, order had been restored, based on his acc
eptance of Magna Carta. However, the King's failed campaigns in France (1230
and 1242), his choice of friends and advisers, together with the cost of hi
s scheme to make one of his younger sons King of Sicily and help the Pope ag
ainst the Holy Roman Emperor, led to further disputes with the barons and un
ited opposition in Church and State. Although Henry was extravagant and his
tax demands were resented, the King's accounts show a list of many charitabl
e donations and payments for building works (including the rebuilding of Wes
tminster Abbey which began in 1245).
The Provisions of Oxford (1258) and the Provisions of Westminster (1259) wer
e attempts by the nobles to define common law in the spirit of Magna Carta,
control appointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry tried to defe
at them by obtaining papal absolution from his oaths, and enlisting King Lou
is XI's help. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1262 and war broke out. The
barons, under their leader, Simon de Montfort, were initially successful and
even captured Henry. However, Henry escaped, joined forces with the lords o
f the Marches (on the Welsh border), and Henry finally defeated and killed d
e Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Royal authority was restored by
the Statute of Marlborough (1267), in which the King also promised to uphol
d Magna Carta and some of the Provisions of Westminster.
--
I am looking outside into the rain
through the blurred window, in front
of which you seem to be there.
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