English 版 (精华区)
发信人: Systems (Queen Victoria Died), 信区: English
标 题: The Stuarts--JAMES I
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年04月06日18:46:18 星期天), 站内信件
JAMES I (r. 1603-25)
James I, son of Mary, Queen of Scots (and descended from Henry VII's daughte
r Margaret), had been King of Scotland for 36 years when he became King of E
ngland. Although he was King of both countries, James's attempt to create a
full governmental union proved premature.
An able theologian, he ordered a new translation of the Bible which became k
nown as the Authorised King James's Version of the Bible. James himself was
fairly tolerant in terms of religious faith, but the Gunpowder Plot (an atte
mpt by Guy Fawkes and other Roman Catholic conspirators to blow up the House
s of Parliament) in 1605 resulted in the reimposition of strict penalties on
Roman Catholics.
As an arts patron, James employed the architect Inigo Jones to build the pre
sent Banqueting House in Whitehall, and drama in particular flourished at hi
s court.
Although he believed that kings took their authority from God, James accepte
d that his actions were subject to the law. Unable, like many of his predece
ssors, to put royal finances on a sound footing, James was often in dispute
with his Parliaments. A proposed 'Great Contract' (1610), under which Parlia
ment would provide a regular income to the Crown to meet government costs an
d maintain the navy and army, in exchange for modifying the monarch's fundra
ising, came to nothing. The Addled Parliament of 1614 lasted eight weeks.
The outbreak of the Thirty Years War (1618-48) in Europe spread, and financi
al pressures forced James in 1621 to summon Parliament, but when the House o
f Commons tried to debate wider aspects of foreign policy and asserted their
right to discuss any subject, James dissolved it. A further Parliament, sum
moned in 1624, failed to resolve foreign policy questions. On James's death
in 1625, the kingdom was on the edge of war with Spain.
--
We are angels with but one wing.
To fly we must embrace each other.
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