English 版 (精华区)
发信人: Systems (Queen Victoria Died), 信区: English
标 题: The Stuarts--INTERREGNUM
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年04月06日18:48:23 星期天), 站内信件
INTERREGNUM (1649-1660)
Cromwell's convincing military successes at Drogheda in Ireland (1649), Dunb
ar in Scotland (1650) and Worcester in England (1651) forced Charles I's son
, Charles, into foreign exile despite being accepted as King in Scotland.
From 1649 to 1660, England was therefore a republic during a period known as
the Interregnum ('between reigns'). A series of political experiments follo
wed, as the country's rulers tried to redefine and establish a workable cons
titution without a monarchy.
Throughout the Interregnum, Cromwell's relationship with Parliament was a tr
oubled one, with tensions over the nature of the constitution and the issue
of supremacy, control of the armed forces and debate over religious tolerati
on. In 1653 Parliament was dissolved, and under the Instrument of Government
, Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector, later refusing the offer of the thr
one. Further disputes with the House of Commons followed; at one stage Cromw
ell resorted to regional rule by a number of the army's major generals. Afte
r Cromwell's death in 1658, and the failure of his son Richard's short-lived
Protectorate, the army under General Monk invited Charles I's son, Charles,
to become King.
--
Voici mon secret. Il est très simple:
on ne voit bien qu'avec le coeur.
L'essentiel est invisible pour les yeux.
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