English 版 (精华区)
发信人: nosay (☆冰红茶⊙自在心情☆), 信区: English
标 题: shang
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年12月03日09:01:46 星期三), 站内信件
The Dawn of History
Thousands of archaeological finds in the Huang He (), Henan Valley ()
--the apparent cradle of Chinese civilization--provide evidence about
the Shang () dynasty, which endured roughly from 1700 to 1027 B.C. The
Shang dynasty (also called the Yin () dynasty in its later stages) is
believed to have been founded by a rebel leader who overthrew the last
Xia ruler. Its civilization was based on agriculture, augmented by
hunting and animal husbandry. Two important events of the period were
the development of a writing system, as revealed in archaic Chinese
inscriptions found on tortoise shells and flat cattle bones (commonly
called oracle bones or), and the use of bronze metallurgy. A number of
ceremonial bronze vessels with inscriptions date from the Shang period;
the workmanship on the bronzes attests to a high level of
civilization.
A line of hereditary Shang kings ruled over much of northern China,
and Shang troops fought frequent wars with neighboring settlements and
nomadic herdsmen from the inner Asian steppes. The capitals, one of
which was at the site of the modern city of Anyang, were centers of
glittering court life. Court rituals to propitiate spirits and to
honor sacred ancestors were highly developed. In addition to his secular
position, the king was the head of the ancestor- and spirit-worship
cult. Evidence from the royal tombs indicates that royal personages were
buried with articles of value, presumably for use in the afterlife.
Perhaps for the same reason, hundreds of commoners, who may have been
slaves, were buried alive with the royal corpse.
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