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发信人: Systems (Matrix Analysis), 信区: English
标 题: The Stories of the Constellations (1)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2002年12月31日23:34:30 星期二), 站内信件
The Stories of the Constellations
The following descriptions of the constellations of the northern hemisphere
are arranged alphabetically by their classical Greek names. After each name
is a short narrative explaining unique characteristics of the constellation
that may have contributed either to its changing importance within different
cultures, associations made between its appearance and specific activities
(seasonal plantings, harvests, etc.) or other pieces of pertinent informatio
n. The mythological descriptions that appear are arranged chronologically as
their respective cultures developed. Following each myth's description is a
cross reference to other constellations that may be included within the ora
l tradition of the myth. The images that illustrate the classical Greek myth
ologies were painted by an unknown artist at the Villa Farnese in Caprarola,
Italy sometime around 1573. These images can be found in "The Glorious Cons
tellations" a wholly remarkable book written by Giuseppe Maria Sesti and a m
ust have for any collector of things mythological.
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Andromeda / Aquarius / Aquila / Ara / Argo Navis / Aries / Auriga / Bo?tes /
Cancer / Canis Major / Capricorn / Carina / Cassiopeia / Centaurus / Cepheu
s / Cetus / Coma Berenices / Corona Borealis / Corvus / Crater / Crux / Cygn
us / Delphinus / Draco / Eridanus / Gemini / Hercules / Hydra / Leo / Lepus
/ Libra / Lupus / Lyra / Milky Way / Ophiuchus / Orion / Pegasus / Perseus /
Pisces / Piscis Austrinus / Pleiades / Puppis / Sagitta / Sagittarius / Sco
rpius / Taurus / Triangulum / Ursa Major / Ursa Minor / Vela / Virgo
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Andromeda: one of only three women within the classical northern mythologies
. Andromeda, Cassiopeia and Virgo are representations of the Earth Mother in
her three stages, youth, maturity and old age.
Mesopotamia: represents the goddess Istar as she is chained to a rock while
Marduk prepares to do battle with her ally Tiamat. See the Mesopotamian lege
nds of Cetus, Draco, Hydra, Hercules and Perseus.
Greece: the beautiful daughter of the vain Queen Cassiopeia and her husband
King Cepheus of Philistia. As restitution for her vanity, the Queen chained
her daughter to a rock on the beach as a sacrifice to the sea monster Cetus.
Andromeda was saved by the hero Perseus, became his wife and the mother of
Perses who founded the kingdom of Persia, and great grandmother of Hercules.
See the Greek legends of Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Cetus, Hercules, Pegasus and
Perseus.
Back to the Constellations
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Aquarius: the water bearer is associated with water, rain, floods and founta
ins just about all over the world.
Mesopotamia: associated with the eleventh sign, the eleventh month and the r
eturn of the deluge.
Egypt: the setting of Aquarius in the Nile caused its flooding.
India: around 3000 BC it was possible to observe the full moon in this const
ellation every year around the time of the summer solstice, an event that wa
s cause for celebration. This time represented the triumph of the moon god,
Chandra, when he reached his maximum splendor and was drunk by the sun, Indr
a. Chandra was also identified with the magical drink of the gods, soma. Wit
h the sun crossing the solstice and the lengthening of daylight, the evil go
d of darkness and drought, Vritra represented by the constellation Hydra, wa
s conquered. In India, the summer solstice corresponds with the return of th
e monsoon season and water to the land. See the Indian legends of Aquila, Hy
dra and Pegasus.
Greece: in antiquity, Hera's daughter Hebe, goddess of eternal youth, was cu
p bearer to the gods. Zeus replaced her with the handsome boy, Ganymede, aft
er she spilled a flask of nectar. To further irritate Hera, Zeus immortalize
d his favorite server with a heavenly constellation. This is the first indic
ation of male homosexuality in Greek literature.
Peru: associated with the entrance of the sun into the constellation of the
Mother of the Waters.
Christians of 17th Century: associated the constellation with St. John the B
aptist.
Back to the Constellations
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Aquila: this star group is always associated with rain. In many cultures thi
s constellation foretold the coming of the summer monsoon season. The bright
star Altair is part of the super constellation, the Northern Triangle, form
ed with Vega in Lyra and Deneb in Cygnus.
Mesopotamia: the hero, Etana, wanting to ease the pain his wife was feeling
during childbirth, rode on the back of the god Shamash'eagle to the heavens
to retrieve a medicinal plant that would relieve her pain. The magical plant
was only found in the upper reaches of heaven where Anu lived. While Etana
rode on the back of the eagle he noticed that the earth was becoming smaller
and smaller, lost his nerve, and according to some versions of the story, h
is grip. One description of the legend has him living for 1,560 years and le
aving only two children. A second version has him crashing to earth for dari
ng to attempt to enter the realm of Anu. The mythical plant may actually be
the poisonous mountain arnica which, when taken in controlled doses, does ea
se the pain of childbirth.
India: the mythical drink of the gods, soma, was brought to Indra the sun by
Aquila. At the time of the summer solstice when the celebration of light an
d good over darkness and evil occurs, the moon god Chandra, who gives soma t
o the sun to drink, just enters the constellation of the eagle. See the Indi
an legends of Aquarius, Hydra and Pegasus.
Greece: known as the bird who brought rain and the keeper of Zeus' lightning
bolts.
Persia: the Sultan Schemiram was sitting with his son Behiram and others whe
n an eagle appeared and circled the Sultan's head. A serpent was wrapped aro
und the eagle's neck strangling it. The Sultan ordered that the snake should
be killed without harming the eagle. His son shot the snake, killing it. Th
e grateful eagle returned the next year with a gift of unknown seeds which w
ere sown and protected. An unknown fruit was produced from the plants. As th
ey fermented, a liquid was produced which was given to a prisoner to taste.
The prisoner became giddy, asked for more and fell asleep. This is the way t
hat wine was brought to man.
China: the bright star Altair in Aquila represents the beautiful and modest
She-niu, a girl gifted with wonderful weaving skills. She fell in love with
a young shepherd, represented by the star Vega in the constellation Lyra. Th
e two were separated by a river between their two lands which he would cross
to meet with his love. The shepherd left on a trip to another land and the
maiden renounced all others. She died of loneliness and a broken heart, beli
eving he had found another. Unknown to her, the shepherd had died while away
. The emperor, recognizing the importance of devotion and pure love, transpo
rted the young lovers to the sky where their stars, Altair and Vega, are sep
arated by the river of the Milky Way. Once a year, on the seventh day of the
seventh moon, the constellations join as magpies fly up to the heavens and
allow the shepherd to join his love. See the Chinese legend of Lyra.
Back to the Constellations
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--
We are angles with but one wing each.
To fly we must embrace each other.
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