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发信人: Systems (Matrix Analysis), 信区: English
标 题: (9)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2002年12月31日23:45:58 星期二), 站内信件
Pisces: the Babylonians, Greeks, Syrians, Persians and Turks considered this
constellation to represent two fish. Signifying the twelfth sign of the zod
iac, the fish do not actually touch the ecliptic but are arranged on either
side of the line. A ribbon connecting their tails brings this once important
constellation to a position within the path of the planets. Precession plac
ed the position of the spring equinox within the boundaries of Pisces for th
e period from 4000 to 2000 BC but the equinox was still celebrated in Aries.
Why, when at a time following some of the most intense geometric and astron
omical expertise, would this obvious flaw have gone unchanged? The possibili
ty of two answers exist. The lack of a strong individual government at the t
ime that would have backed such an obviously important change and the loss o
f the library at Alexandria. The library held the accumulated works of art,
literature, science, history and philosophy to that time. The fire was consi
dered to be the greatest loss of cultural treasures ever. No one at the time
could reconstruct the mythologies and the astronomical observations were un
fortunately beyond the abilities of the people then living. Not until the ri
se of the great Arabic astronomers in the eighth century AD was this error d
iscovered. Pisces missed a place of prominence by more than 2000 years. A co
njunction of the planets Jupiter and Saturn took place within the constellat
ion three years before the birth of Moses leading to a place of importance i
n the Hebrew zodiac. Another conjunction in 7 BC is sometimes considered to
be connected with, or a herald of, the birth of Christ.
Mesopotamia: the goddess Anunitu was a Babylonian associated with childbirth
. She represents the north-eastern part of the constellation of Pisces. Anot
her myth of the fish concerns the birth of the goddess Istar. An egg fell fr
om the moon and landed in the River Euphrates. Two fish pushed the egg to th
e riverbank where the goddess hatched. In gratitude the fish were rewarded w
ith a place in the sky.
Between 6000 and 4000 BC, the cardinal constellations were Gemini, Virgo, Sa
gittarius and Pisces. The ecliptic, celestial horizon, meridian and Milky Wa
y all coincided in the equinoctial signs Sagittarius and Gemini. The meridia
n of the solstices went from Virgo to the pole star Thuban, through the cent
er of the Milky Way, across the Square of Pegasus and ended at Pisces, the p
osition of the winter equinox. These constellations were further connected i
n that Gemini represented the Great Twins, the brothers Lugal-irra and Mesla
mta-ea, guardians of the entrance to the underworld through which the souls
of the recently deceased passed. Virgo marked the summer solstice, Sagittari
us guarded the door along the Milky Way where souls awaited the autumnal equ
inox and the Great Square of Pegasus was identified as Paradise. The precess
ion of the equinoxes removed these constellations from their places of impor
tance, but the coincidence of these positions was not lost on the Sumerian a
stronomers of the time. See the Mesopotamian legends of Gemini, Sagittarius
and Virgo.
Greece: the goddess Aphrodite was the object of the affections of the monste
r Typhon. One day while she and her son Eros were walking along the Euphrate
s River the monster began to pursue them. In a fright, the two gods panicked
. The river nymphs protected them by transforming them into twin fishes. In
thanks for their aid, the image of the fish was placed in the sky.
Christianity: the secret symbol of early Christians.
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Piscis Austrinus: in early legends the Southern Fish was the parent of the t
wo fishes that constitute the zodiacal constellation Pisces. This tiny const
ellation is marked by the bright star Fomalhaut, the Fish's Mouth.
Greece: Aphrodite forced the goddess Derceto to fall in love with a mortal m
an. After conceiving and bearing a daughter, Semiramis, the spell wore off.
Derceto killed her husband, abandoned her child and threw herself into a lak
e. She was transformed into the southern fish.
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Pleiades: an open star cluster located within Taurus, the mythologies surrou
nding these stars often represent lost people. Temples have been erected and
aligned with these stars and some cultures have considered them the center
of the universe and the destination of the soul. Before the solar calendar w
as understood, the Pleiades marked the beginning of the year with their rise
in the morning skies and the beginning of winter at their appearance in the
evening. The Feast of All Souls marks this second date. Cultures using this
calendar include the Polynesians, Mayas, Aztecs and various Native American
tribes.
Mesopotamia: often represented as seven dots, and in later times as seven st
ars. The Pleiades cluster are associated with the seven sons of the goddess
Ishara and her husband Dagan. They represented protection against evil demon
s through the use of incantations.
Egypt: the Egyptians called the month of November Athar-aye, the Month of th
e Pleiades. The Chaldeans and Israelites did the same thing. Within the Grea
t Pyramid at Giza a tunnel directed toward the south corresponded precisely
to the height of the meridian of the Pleiades whose passing through that ope
ning, at midnight, marked the beginning of the year. See the Egyptian legend
of Draco.
Greece: the seven daughters of Pleione, the sea nymph, and the Titan Atlas.
Only six stars were visible within the star group. These six represented the
daughters who were married to immortal gods. The seventh, Merope, was marri
ed to Sisyphus, a mortal. Out of shame, the light of her star is dim. One da
y as the sisters were traveling in Boeotia they were attacked by Orion. In t
heir fright they prayed to Zeus to save them. In pity he turned the sisters
into doves that flew up and circled in the sky. Orion chased them for seven
years before he was finally killed by Artemis. Zeus placed them in the sky t
o the west of Orion where he could see them, but never catch them. Another i
nterpretation of the Lost Pleiad names the star as Electra, the mother of Da
rdanus, the founder of Troy. Inconsolable at the suffering of her family dur
ing the Trojan War she made her way to the Arctic Circle where she wandered
with her hair flowing down her back. Her occasional return is marked by the
path of a comet through this part of the sky. Several cultures mark the pres
ence of a seventh star within the group that apparently disappeared at about
the time of the Trojan War. See the Greek legend of Orion.
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Sagitta: this tiny constellation of three stars in a straight line is visibl
e from July through October. It has an ancient history.
Mesopotamia: the arrow shot by the god Marduk as he slew the monster Tiamat.
See the Mesopotamian legend of Hercules.
Greece: two stories concerning this arrow are found within classical Greek m
ythology. The first concerns the centaur Chiron, an immortal. After being ac
cidentally shot by Hercules with an arrow dipped in the poisonous blood of t
he Hydra, Chiron lingered in ceaseless pain. The Titan Prometheus, punished
for eternity for bringing fire to early man, was bound to a rock in Tartarus
, a vulture pecking his liver forever. It was foretold that an immortal coul
d release Prometheus from this torture only if the immortal voluntarily took
his place. Knowing that Chiron was in agony from his wound, Hercules asked
that Prometheus be released. Chiron would take his place. Hercules shot an a
rrow into the vulture ending the torture of the Titan and Chiron took his pl
ace in Tartarus. The arrow was placed in the sky in memory of the centaur. A
nother story places the arrow within the story of Ophiuchus, adopted son of
the god Apollo, who was killed by Zeus' thunderbolt. The arrow was shot by A
pollo at the Cyclopes, the Titan who forged the thunderbolt. See the Greek l
egends of Centaurus, Hercules and Ophiuchus.
Christian legend: the lance that was used by the Roman centurion Gaius Cassi
us to penetrate Christ's ribs during the crucifixion.
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Sagittarius: this constellation was depicted on old Babylonian monuments and
in the early zodiacs of Egypt and India. In India its name simply means Arr
ow. Eratosthenes described it as a Satyr. It was also depicted as a centaur
protecting Orion from Scorpius with his bow and arrow trained on the scorpio
n's heart, Antares. Cuneiform texts describe the Archer as the Strong One, t
he Giant of War, and the Illuminator of the Great City.
Mesopotamia: associated with the minor god, Pabilsag, brother of the warrior
goddess, Istar. Very little is written of him although he did have a minor
cult following during the Old Babylonian period in the city of Larag. Obviou
sly someone in serious need of a good agent! Occasionally represents Enkidu
in the Epic of Gilgamesh. The close proximity to the constellation Taurus, t
he Bull of Heaven, and Orion as Gilgamesh, makes sense here. See the Mesopot
amian legend of Orion.
The coincidental intersection of the spring and autumnal equinoxes where the
line of the Milky Way crossed the meridian, the ecliptic and the celestial
equator occurred in Sagittarius in the fifth century BC. The constellation w
as known as the Divine Door through which souls departed with the arrival of
the autumnal equinox. See the Mesopotamian legend of Pisces.
Greece: sometimes, and incorrectly, identified as the centaur Chiron. Sagitt
arius actually represents the son of Pan named Crotus. Living on Mount Helic
on with the Muses, he became their friend and protector. He invented applaus
e as a sign of appreciation for their talents. A skilled hunter and good fri
end to the Muses, they asked that Zeus give him a constellation fitting his
kind nature. With the goat-god Pan as his father, Crotus should be considere
d a satyr rather than a centaur. His representation as a centaur probably ca
me from his superb riding skills. The representation of the centaur facing t
he constellation Orion the hunter with his arrow drawn is sometimes describe
d as holding the scorpion at bay and sometimes as protecting the Muses from
the unwanted romantic advances of Orion. See the Greek legends of Orion, Sco
rpius and Taurus.
--
We are angles with but one wing each.
To fly we must embrace each other.
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