English 版 (精华区)
发信人: icecap (暖一暖·Fortune), 信区: English
标 题: Florence Nightingale(4)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年05月08日19:08:14 星期四), 站内信件
In April 1856 the war was over, and by mid-July the hospital was emptied an
d her work in Crimea over. She returned to England a national hero, with a g
reat welcome prepared for her; but she slipped into the country unnoticed an
d went to a convent that had supplied some of her nurses. There, she spent t
he day in prayer before coming out to face the public and beginning to lobby
Parliament for suitable legislation. She wrote pamphlet after pamphlet, poi
nting out by pie charts, for example, that the major cause of deaths in the
Army was not wounds caused by enemy action but disease caused by lack of pro
per sanitation. She is perhaps the first person to use pie charts and simila
r graphic devices to convey statistical information. She obtained the format
ion of an Army Medical Staff Corps and a Sanitary Commission to oversee mili
tary health conditions.
Throughout these efforts, she relied on the help of Sidney Herbert, insistin
g that he must work hard and long to get the legislation she needed through
Parliament. When he protested that she was asking too much, she would not li
sten. His health broke, and he died in August 1861. Florence prayed God to r
aise him from the dead, explaining that she needed him for the job. When God
failed to comply, her faith was badly shaken. She wrote a book called, Sugg
estions for Thought: An Address to the Artisans of England, in which she exp
lained that God was less of a Person and more of a Cosmic Force than is gene
rally supposed by Christians. (But note that she was working on this book be
fore Sir Sidney died, and one cannot call it simply a response to his death.
) Advance copies were given to a few friends, such as John Stuart Mill, who
praised it highly. However, it was never published (I have not seen it, and
neither the Library of Congress nor the National library of Medicine has a c
opy, nor any other library in the United States that I have been able to lea
rn of), since Florence kept revising it -- arguably, because her beliefs on
the nature of God were simply not internally consistent. Eventually, it seem
s, God spoke to her again and said, "You are here to carry out my program. I
am not here to carry out yours." She wrote in her diary, "I must remember t
hat God is not my private secretary."
Before his death, Sir Sidney had gotten her involved in Indian affairs. She
served on the Indian Sanitary Commission. In May 1859, she decided that ther
e were insufficient data available in England on conditions in the Indian Ar
my, and she wrote to 200 military stations there, asking for copies of all r
egulations and all documents relating to the health and sanitary administrat
ion of the army. The reports that came back filled two vans. She read them a
ll and summarized them for the Report of the Commission. Her conclusion was
that the death toll from disease in the Indian Army was appallingly high (69
out of 1000 annually), and that this was largely due, not to the climate, b
ut to lack of sanitation, and that preventive measures included sanitation n
ot just for army posts but for neighboring villages and, in the long run, fo
r all of India.
--
Everyday we have
is one more than we deserve
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