English 版 (精华区)
发信人: nova (晃来晃去的鱼儿), 信区: English
标 题: Common Writing Techniques in Testing(2)
发信站: 大红花的国度 (Tue Jun 27 19:52:52 2000), 转信
2 Comparison and Contrast
Comparison and contrast is such a familiar everyday activity that it
may be difficult for you to think of it as an important mental process.
Comparison is the process of exmining two or more things in order to
establish their differences. Yet without the ability to perceive
similarities, you could not classify, define, or generalize. And
without the ability to perceive differences, you could not analyze,
define, or describe.
2.1 In academic writing, there are basically two ways in which we can
write essays that involve comparison and/or contrast. One way is to
write down all the main points about one of the subjects to be compared
, and then to take all the main points about the other subject, like
this:
Introduction(includes thesis, sets up comparison)
Subject 1
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
.
.
.
Subject 2
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
.
.
.
Conclusion (summary, returns to beginning)
2.2 The other way in which we can write essays that involve comparison
and/or contrast is to take each point in turn and contrast them
immediately, like this:
Introduction (includes thesis, sets up comparison)
Subject 1 Subject 2
Point 1 to Point 1
Point 2 to Point 2
Point 3 to Point 3
. . .
. . .
. . .
Conclusion (summary, returns to beginning)
2.3 Although similarity and difference are closely related, they can be
regarded as being different mental processes. For example, in examining
two things, you can mentally explore their similarities without
necesarily exploring their differences, or you can mentally investigate
their differences without investigating their similarities.
2.4 Most of the examples of similarity and difference, thus far, have
been concerned with expository prose. But comparison and contrast can
also be the basis of argumentative prose.
2.5 In most academic subjects, and in life generally, we often need to
compare and contrast things. Tables, charts and graphs are useful in
presenting information of comparisonn and contrast.
2.6 As we can see, when studying tables and other statistical
information, the language of comparison and contrast if frequently
needed. This section tries to help the candidates gain a better
knowledge of 1) formation of the regular and irregular comparative and
superlative of adjectives and adverbs; and 2) basic sentence patterns
used in comparison and contrast.
2.6.1 Formation of the regular and irregular comparative and
superlative of adjectives and adverbs.
A. The regular comparative and superlative of adjectives and adverbs is
formed as follows:
a. by adding the endings -er and -est.
b. by placing the words "more" and "most" in front of words usually with mor
e ta
n two syllables.
B. Irregular comparison is made up of a small group of very frequently
used adjectives and adverbs.
2.6.2 Basic sentence patterns used in comparison and contrast.
A. When the similarities need to be pointed out in comparison, the
following sentence patterns can be used:
a. the same ... as/the same as...
b. as... as
c. to be similar to ... in ...
d. in common
B. When the differences need to be pointed out in contrast, the
following sentence patterns can be used:
a. comparative + than ...
b. to be different from/to differ from
C. When more than two things are compared, the following sentence
pattern can be used:
the + superlative.
--
※ 来源:·BBS 水木清华站 smth.org·[FROM: 166.111.144.72]
--
☆ 来源:.哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn.[FROM: stamp.bbs@smth.org]
Powered by KBS BBS 2.0 (http://dev.kcn.cn)
页面执行时间:3.334毫秒