发信人: oceann (dany), 信区: English
标 题: 给所有考研的朋友（考研英语教案）
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Wed Jul 30 19:35:39 2003)
Listening Comprehension is divided into three sections
大纲规定：考生应能听懂如下题材和体裁：
1. 一般性谈话,讨论,采访, 天气预报等非正式场合使用的日常口语
2. 讲话, 论述, 演讲, 讲座,通知，广播电视节目等正式场合使用的口语
1．语速比较快，达到每分钟160个单词（四级120词／分钟，六级是140词／分钟）。
2．材料将相对简单，如A部分长度虽然在80～220词之间，但有两遍录音，而且只填1个单
词，相当于在短文中听写；B部分属于简答，全文在280～320词之间，但所填不超过3个
词。 只有C部分比6级难一点，因为题量比较大，共3篇300字左右的文章，要求考生推理、
判断、总结观点主旨，而录音只有一遍，难度比较大。
3．发音未确定。样带虽偏重英音，但是大纲没有标明是英音还是美音，这就要求考生要
泛听，以英音为主的同时，不能放弃美音。
历年真题分析：
样题，02年真题，03年真题
6篇社会文化，包括媒体，儿童成长，广播节目预告，国外情况，博物馆简介
3 篇作家生平，其中有一篇对话
2 篇个人生活，都是关于离婚的
2 篇how to 文章，是关于个人生活经历的
其他科普，天气预报，各一篇。
需要注意的文章：
社会文化，热点透视，作家画家，健康贴士， （学生生活），旅游，申请表格，谈论家
乡，电话咨询，谈论音乐，应聘，新闻，天气，人物传记，文学，历史以及自然科学
注意同类词汇
听力复习应该达到四种境界。
第一，把手头的复习资料精听，这是最低要求。
第二，把这些资料从口语的角度来学习。
第三，应该从两个方面研究这些资料。
第1.从篇章，对话结构研究它的逻辑套路，这样有助于提高口语会话能力。
第2.研究这种资料，有助于熟悉考点，实质性的提高分数。
第四：每天保持泛听英语的习惯，比方说中央国际电视广播节目。
1. 精听 2. 泛听 3. 听时切记要专心 4. 不要见树不见林 5. 原文三听法 6. 不要
忘记记笔记
全面提高听力能力
● 泛听和精听相结合。 ● ●英音
(BE)与美音(AE)相结合。 ● -从简入
难，保持信心。 ● -耳嘴并用，事半功倍 -平时留心
，总结技巧。
听力用书
新概念
初，中级英语听力
本考研资料
听力视听材料, 以扩大知识面
希望英语杂志
爱情电影
英文网站如：赛博风英语听力，www.chinadaily.net
语音问题
基础发音：辨音， 重音， 连读和吞音， 语气、语调和重音， 美式英语及其发音， 英美
与中国文化习俗的差别
解决办法：
1 英文电影和歌曲可帮助你纠音
2 从短句听写入手， 逐渐过渡， 强迫自己全神贯注， 独立思考
3 现学现卖
只有自己会说，你才会真正听懂
单词问题
同音异形词
Bare—bear peace--piece
Break—brake plane--plain
Cent—sent sum--some
Deer—dear sow--sew
Fare—fair week--weak
Flour—flower wait—weight
近音异义词
Better—bitter beside—besides
Bud—bug daily—diary
Desk—dusk except—expect
Follow—fellow former—formal
Lose—loose marry—merry
Mayor—major pleasant—present
Soup—soap spit—split
Sweet—sweat ward—word
Wander—wonder through—thorough
一词多义
Let me light the candles.
Many hands make light work
The boy draws good pictures.
Will you draw the curtain for me?
I want to draw some money from the bank.
英国英语词和美国英语词
Aeroplane airplane
Car automobile
Autumn fall
Chemist’ s shop drug store
Film movie
Flat apartment
Lorry truck
Parcel package
Pavement sidewalk
Petrol gas
Ring off hang up
Tin can
Underground subway
听时侧重：
口语词汇,
场景词汇,
听力语法和句式,
意群的捕捉,
口语中的插入语,
成语和习惯用法
所有的转折词， 其他连接词， 都是信息词， 所有的最高级， 比较级， 否定词都有可
能成为出题点，对这些词必须敏感
表示列举， 增补关系的信息词
And, in addition to , one more thing, what’s more, besides, either, also,
too, as well as, for instance, together, further more, such as, in addition,
likewise, like, similarly, moreover
表示转折和对比关系的信息词
Although, by contrast, as a matter of fact, nevertheless, in contrast,
instead, however, while, otherwise, though, but, despite, on the contrary, on
the other hand, in spite of, yet, whereas, However, this is not always the cas
e
表示解释和强调关系的信息词
That is, in particular, I mean, namely, especially, actually, in other words,
that is to say, specially, equally, another way of saying …
表示因果关系的信息词
As a result, therefore, since, for, for this reason, so, because,
consequently, thus, as, thereby
表示归纳， 结论的信息词
as a result, altogether, finally, in short, therefore, overall, in sum, thus,
on the whole, in brief, accordingly, to conclude, in a word, consequently, to
sum up, in conclusion, so, to summarize
表示语义衔接关系的极常用词句：
And now we will…
I’d like to move on to….
Before I move on to…
Finally, can you tell us…
Next, I’d like to…
One more thing…
What I mean is…
So, you’d better…
Now let’s turn our attention to…
听力专项练习A
猜题， 激活大脑中已有的专业和背景知识
练习数字，不要用单词， 地名，国家名
作题时留意对话或独白中说话人对信息的纠正
迅速记录
答案尽量用原词， 如需缩字， 在原词的基础上进行
做听力题的基本顺序：读、猜、听、写、查。
表格填充题：主要须填写内容：
时间，地点，数字，科目， 领域， 颜色，国籍，其他名词或形容词，较少动词
听力中常考数字包括以下七种：电话号码，门牌号码，时间，价钱，小数、分数以及百分
数。
针对不同的数字，同学们应多加训练。
顺序原则， 听不清的时候， 选最后一个数字
考试中经常出现的专有名词包括：人名、地名及其他事物的名称。
针对专有名词的拼写，我们要留意字母读音、人称和大写问题。
需要注意的是：
1.做题时应该留意对话或独白中说话者对信息的纠正。
2. 注意指导语 ：you are going to hear an announcement about a visit to the zoo
by a tourist guide
Part A 1
大纲中的词汇：issue
出版, 发行, (报刊等)期、号, 论点, 问题, 结果, (水, 血等的)流出vi.发行, 流出, 造
成...结果, 进行辩护, 传下
vt.使流出, 放出, 发行(钞票等), 发布(命令), 出版(书等)发给[律]子女, 后嗣
Manufacturer, emission, pollutant require, alternative, witness, deliver,
moderately, range
超纲词汇：be wring to 尽全力
文章结构：
提出问题，解决办法，存在问题，展望未来
1 under the pressure to develop cars that do not pollute
2 Electric car seems to be the best alternative
3 batteries weigh too much
4 automobile engineers are wring to make more powerful batteries.
Keys:
1. pollute
2. atmosphere
3. alternative
4. 400 KG
5. range
Part A 2
大纲中的词汇
Noncommercial, private, corporation, recreation, affect vt.影响, 感动, 侵袭, 假
装
Introduction of BBC
Name, history, programs, general ideas.
Keys:
noncommercial
2. Feb 14, 1922
3. recreation
4. networks
5. 30
Part A 3
相关词汇：
1. Names of subjects (学科名称): computer
science; medicine (医学); dentistry (牙
科学); engineering (工程学); arts （文科）…
campus, homework, assignment, exam, test, quiz, term paper,essay, research
paper, thesis, dissertation,required/compulsory course, elective/optional
course, Bachelor’s/Mater’s/Doctor’s degree, Ph.D, Students’ Union, Student
Center; tuition, scholarship, fellowship, registration; freshmen, sophomore,
junior, senior, graduate student, graduate school
1.60
2.small schools
3. countryside
4. similar
5. national
对完成句子和回答问题，我们也可以在战略上对其藐视，因为出题的题干部分有可能在对
话或独白中出现。
同学们应该注意两点：
要注意答案中所需单词或词组在形式上可能与原文中有出入，词性会有所变化；
在听磁带时应该尽量简单明了地将所听得的答案迅速写在试卷上，如果单词过长可以先写
其首写字母，然后再在所给的检查时间内将其补全。
同学们缺乏的是两种基本的听力技能：
边听边读和边听边写。听写是解决眼、耳、手配合的必经之路。 课堂上我们着重练的就
是这两种技能
Part B 1
Weather report
看似无从下手，其实不然
找关键词尤为重要
6. south-west England
7. 15/fifteen
8. Thursday 9. (it’s very) disappointing
10. most of England
天气词汇
1. Weather: sunny, windy, cloudy, clear, freezing cold, cold, cool, warm, hot,
mild, sunny spells (晴天), westerly wind, south wind, strong winds, showers,
heavy rain, moderate rain, sprinkle v.撒(某物)于(某物之表面), 洒, 喷撒,小雨,
drizzle, gale (大风), severe gale （暴风）
Meteorology n.气象学, 气象状态, atmosphere, climate, frost n.霜, 霜冻, 严寒,
hail , n.冰雹, 致敬, 招呼, 一阵
thunder, mist, fog, smog; downpour, shower, drizzle, hurricane, cyclone,
typhoon, gust of wind阵风, humidity, dew, freeze, breeze, snowfall, drought,
flooding
Part B 2
大纲中的词汇;
Contact lens, vision, effective, optical, crisp(脆的，清新的），perception
(perceive), steam up,v.促进, 使发怒, 使有蒸汽, slip down, disposable(dispose),
rigid, infection
gas-permeable adj.有浸透性的, 能透过的, cosmetic, peripheral adj.外围的
文章结构：
Advantages and disadvantages of contact lenses.
6.effectively
7.excellent depth perception 8.Disposable contacts
9. diseases
10. eyeglass
Part B 3
大纲中的词汇：
Lodging, (tip), punctual, annoyed, convenient,
6. Unpunctual (for meals)
7. Let her know
8. The cold
9. A hot-water bottle
10. 240 volts
voc. used for renting:
deposit, sitting room, bedroom, kitchen, toilet, lavatory, laundry,
electricity, telephone expenses, furnished or not, parking lot, convenient
transportation, good view, rent renter, landlord, landlady,
Voc. used for booking a room
make a reservation, a single room with a bath, double room, single bed,twin
beds, double bed, king size, queen size, normal size, porter, check-in, check-
out, tip,lobby
Part C
读题, 了解整篇文章或对话的内容，调动相关词汇
在听时有的放矢，迅速做出正确的选择。
如果实在没有听到需要的内容，我们还有最后的选择，那就是——猜。
切忌守住一道题不放
Part C 1
Observable(observe), phenomenon, comprehend, accuracy, evolution,
Part C 2
illiterate, urban, rural, reputation, self-reliance, contribute, contribution
Part C 3
(typesetter 排字工人), outbreak, (confederate n.同盟者, 同盟国)
prospect, 景色, 前景, 前途, 期望 vt. 寻找, 勘探, inspire
颠倒合成词
Outbreak 爆发
Downpour 倾盆大雨
Income 收入
Inlet 进口，插入口
Input 输入
Outcast 流浪者
Outfit 装备
Outthrow 废料
Uplift 提高
2003年真题详析
1876 具体信息
In 1876 不得分
答对率：90%
It was founded in 1870（已知）and opened to the public in 1876.
. 1981 具体信息
In 1981不得分
答对率：70%
The most recent addition to the building is its west wing,
3. Textiles 具体信息
拼写问题严重，单复数一定分清，否则白答
答对率：50%
The most remarkable one-textiles.
比较级，最高级是出题点
4. 19，137 具体信息
19137m2 or 19137(M2) 也可
答对率：30%
一千以上的数字应多练，不应丢分
5. Concerts 具体信息
答对率：50%
单复数均可
但应注意非重读音节和动、名词的单复数形式
The museum provides programs include classes, lectures, concerts and films
Architect, feature, grand grand adj.盛大的, 豪华的, 重大的, 主要的, 极重要的,
dome, ceiling, decorative, contemporary, textile n.纺织品
portrait,
Gillbert Charles Stuart,
斯图亚特（1755-1828），美国画家，开创美国独特肖像画风格，作有肖像画近千幅，名作
有G. Washington, P.Morton and J. Adams 肖像
Claude Monet （1840-1926）法国画家， 印象派创始人和主要代表人物，常在户外作画，
探索光色与空气的表现效果，代表作品有：《睡莲》《鲁昂大教堂》《帆船》等
6. The couple themselves 或 themselves
只写the couple 不得分，因上下文意义不通
答对率：60%
The primary source of help should be the couple themselves.
7. Constructively具体信息
或in constructive ways (not way)
答对率：60%
The idea is to discuss these matters constructively.
8. A qualified psychologist
答对率：50%
Qualified psychologists
对特殊信息的理解和感知
注意5个w
1. 听写出正确的名词修饰成分
2. 要区别定语是现在分词还是过去分词
9. Good intentions or good intention
但intentions 不得分
In the main, priests, despite good intentions, are not successful in
counseling troubled couples…
10. Absence
Old notion: absence will make the heart grow fonder.
* 不要注意重读音节的单词， 还应注重弱读单词的辨音能力
大纲中的词汇：
Primary, strengthen, verbally, vicious adj.恶的, 不道德的, 恶意的, 刻毒的, 堕落
的, 品性不端的, 有错误的, criticism, counseling(对个人,社会以及心理等问题的)咨
询服务, behavioral(behavior), implement n.工具, 器具vt.贯彻, 实现 v.执行,
trial n.试验, 考验, 审讯, 审判 separation
11 DADBC BBCAD
Passage 1
Abundance, (genetically 遗传的, 起源的), break up (终止）, distinct, alertness
（alert)
Passage 2
Reservation n.保留, (旅馆房间等)预定, 预约, replaceable(replace, replacement),
grant vt.同意, 准予, 承认(某事为真), underestimate vt.低估, 看轻 n.低估, realm
n.领域 , hook n.钩, 吊钩 v.钩住, 沉迷, 上瘾
Passage 3
Watchword n.暗语, [军]口令, 标语, 口号, 格言（超纲), panic n.惊慌, 恐慌, 没有
理由的
The story of Pan (人身羊足，善吹箫，好恶作剧）
Model Test 1
Persuade, persuasion, biography, controversial adj.争论的, 争议的, up-front
salary(预付工资）, illustrate vt.举例说明, 图解, 加插图于, 阐明 flatter,
flush.挥霍的, 直接的, 丰足的, 泛滥的vi.(脸)发红, 奔涌, 充沛, 惊飞
(austerity n.严峻, 严厉, 朴素, 节俭, 苦行) (binge 狂闹, 狂欢), take over,
(merger 合并, 归并), (subsidiary adj.辅助的, 补充的), maximize vt.取...最大值,
最佳化 (maximum) see through v.看穿, 识破 see 支撑着度过
Lorry n.<古>卡车, 铁路货车（美，truck), accustom vt.使习惯于, be accustomed
to, (bonfire n.大篝火, 营火, )(mustache 胡子)
Greet Depression, lost generation, baby boom, beat generation, hippies,
(counter culture) ,Yuppies, Punk Rock, “me” generation,(narcissistic,self-
indulgence, self-understanding,self-gratification” “X” generation,
generation gap
Estimate, symptom, alcoholism 酒精中毒(alcohol), subtle 狡猾的, 敏感的, 微妙
的, 精细的, 稀薄的, (clam n.蛤, ) sophisticated, socializing(social,
socialism, society), martinis 马提尼酒, champagne n.香槟酒, 香槟色, infuriate
狂怒的, 激怒
Arithmetic 算术, 算法, bat n.蝙蝠, 球棒 v.用球棒击球
fraction 小部分, 片断, 分数,
Shift n.移动, 轮班, 移位, 变化, 办法, 手段
vt.替换, 转移, 改变, 移转, 推卸, 变速
vi.转换, 移动, 转变, 推托, 变速,
factor n.因素, 要素, 因数, 代理人, offspring n.(单复数同形)儿女, 子孙, 后代,
产物extend v.扩充, 延伸, 伸展, 扩大, (give way to 让路,让步), imposition n.强迫
接受 impose on, 把…强加给
Model Test 2
Glimpse, artificial intelligence, (nudge n.用肘轻推, 轻推为引起注意), (pawn.典
当, 抵押物, 人质, (象棋)兵、卒, 爪牙, 被人利用的人)，fracture n.破裂, 骨折,
expose vt.使暴露, 受到, 使曝光，揭露, boot n.<美> (长统)靴, 靴子 v.导入,
（allot, vt.(按份额)分配, 分派）superiority n.优越, 高傲, notorious adj.声名狼
籍的, materialistic adj.唯物论的, 唯物主义的 materialism
Chamber n.室, 房间, 议院, 会所, (枪)膛, (chapel.小礼拜堂, 礼拜),
The House of Commons, one part of British parliament, the other part is The
House of Lords.
Congress of the United States, is consisted of two houses, the Senate and the
House of Representatives.
Justification n.认为有理, 认为正当, 理由, 辩护, 释罪, provision n.供应, (一批)
供应品, 预备, 防备, 规定, evolve v.(使)发展, (使)进展, (使)进化, (belated adj.
误期的, 迟来的), fulfill vt.履行, 实现, 完成(计划等), opt vi.选择to
Population, all of a sudden,
(Columbia n.哥伦比亚, Thailand, Morocco n.摩洛哥, 摩洛哥皮, Costa Rica n. 哥斯
达黎加, The Philippines n.菲律宾共和国, 菲律宾群岛)
Oriental , n.东方人(尤指中国人和日本人) adj.东方诸国的, 亚洲的, 东方的, (珍珠
等)最优质的
absolute, (interrelationship 相互关系[联系, 影响], 干扰, denote vt.指示, 表示,
verticals adj.垂直的, 直立的, 顶点的,
n.垂直线, 垂直面, 竖向, wholeness n.全体), impressive, pulling, baroque n.巴洛
克时期艺术和建筑风格的, 巴洛克式
adj.巴洛克式的, 结构复杂的, 形式怪样的, explosiveness adj.爆炸(性)的, 爆发(性)
的, 暴露
Barrier (阻碍通道的)障碍物, 栅栏, 屏障, hostile adj.敌对的, 敌方的
Traffic Music
road sign
a fork in a road
crossroads
be open to traffic
contravene the traffic regulations
speeding
driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol
wrong overtaking
driving without a license
fatigue drive
jay walking
jay ride
wrong parking
offender
traffic marking
pavement sidewalk
zebra lines
pedestrian
fast traffic lane
one-way traffic
stop line
traffic control
tow away
scene of a traffic accident
hit and run
head-on collision
blind-gating
（两车距离过近时） 撞上前车
chain collision
traffic collision
brake failure
braking distance
engine trouble
under-steer
操纵失灵
Music…
blues
Black folk music that is characterized by minor harmonies, typically show
tempo, and melancholy lyrics.
bootleg
盗版音乐
A pirated recording of an original album, a concert, etc.
bubblegum
流行轻音乐
Slang for light, trendy, innocuous pop music or radio stations that feature
such music.
country music
A form of popular folk music characterized by string-band instrumentation,
originating in the southeastern and southwestern U.S.
Garth Books really increased the popularity of country music when he hit the
music charts in 1990.
cut
单曲
An individual song on an album.
disc jockey
音乐节目主持人
Also called “D.J.” A radio announcer.
A disc jockey usually goes on the air for 4 hours a day.
electronic music
Music produced by electronic methods.
Phil Spector, who formerly produced the Beatles, is credited for creating the
“ Wall of sound” based on electronic music.
Grammies
格莱美奖， 镀金唱片奖
The annual awards given by music industry for excellence and achievement in
various categories of popular and classical music.
groupie:
追星族
A pop music fan, esp. female, hoping to become intimate with its members.
heavy metal
A rock music style characterized by loud amplification, electronic distortion,
pounding rhythms, and shouted lyrics.
Heavy metal is often associated with rebellious teenagers.
hit:
A song that achieves a large amount of commercial success.
hook
吸引人的部分
The catchy part of a song’s story that is most likely to remain in the mind
of the audience.
A song has got to have a great hoot in order to become a hit.
jam session
即席演出.
An impomptu musical performance， esp. in jazz or rock music, based on a
familiar tone or chord progression.
It is fun to watch jazz musicians in a jam session.
lip-sync
To mouth lyrics in sync with recording during a performance.
Most performers lip-sync when they film a music video to go with their song.
oldie
Also called “Golden oldie.” A pop song from earlier years.
Demographics show more baby boomers are listening to oldie stations.
pop charts:
音乐排行榜
A list of the best-selling songs, records, etc. within a given period.
Every generation sends a new hero up the pop charts.
每一代人有每一代人的音乐排行榜歌手。
sound track：
A musical score for film.
The soundtrack sold millions of copies and no doubt helped the movie ticket
sales also.
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好想振作一点点，真的好想
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