发信人: oceann (dany), 信区: English
标 题: 怎样写考研英语作文(转载)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Sun Aug 17 09:57:57 2003)
作文和听力，阅读一样，可以早做准备。现在流行的复习方法是从下半年复习，甚至是考
试前3个月才开始复习。复习的教材无一例外的是考试虫系列的<万能作文>：背一二十
篇作文
模式，背一二十篇范文，然后就上战场了。脑子活的人活学活用，考后得意洋洋;脑子
不活的
人一筹莫展，考后伤心太平洋。年复一年，几家欢喜几家愁。
其实，我觉得写好作文，应该从真正的能力培养上着手，提高真实的能力。从这个角
度去
复习，不仅可以提高写作水平，还可以提高英语的语感，间接的提高阅读水平，完型
填空的水
平，翻译水平等。
作文的复习分为4个阶段。
第一个阶段，我觉得需要花半年的时间。也就是今年上半年的时间。主要是挑选好的
论说
性的文章(比如大学英语精读教材上的相关文章)，翻译成中文。然后对照你翻译的中
文再翻译
成英文。把你的英文和原文对照，比较你的错误之处，纠正你的中式英语。这个过程
很痛苦艰
辛。但是是提高英语语感，写出地道的英语句子，打好作文的基础的唯一方法。这一
阶段，估
计英-汉-英翻译20篇左右的论说文章(每篇文章800字左右)就足够了。
这一阶段还要随时摘录好的优美句子和句型结构并熟记。
第二阶段，是暑假阶段。这一阶段，开始向考研应试的阶段过渡。先看看<万能作文
>或者
是其它指导考研作文的辅导书，了解考场作文是怎么一回事，如何组段成文，如何起
承转合等
。同时进一步总结优美句子和句型结构。
第三个阶段，是下学期开学起到考试前一个月。这一阶段就大量的写作文。每周写1
，2篇
文章。这个写作文，也有讲究：把一篇作文写好罗，不要仍掉就不管了。把它保存好
，过2天
后再拿出来修改，然后誊好后再保存起来。以后有时间了再拿出来修改。如此反复的
修改时，
要思考怎样把优美句子使用到我的文章中来?怎样把好的句子结构使用在文章中?一篇
文章经过
几次修改后，把最后修改的文章誊写好，保存下来，以备冲刺阶段复习参考。
这个阶段，还有个重要的任务，就是从大量的你收集的优美句子和句型结构中，挑选
出你
最喜欢使用的40条句子。这40条要包括所有的起承转合，开头结尾，原因结构，立论
的句型结
构。并在写作练习中不断的使用这40条。
第四个阶段，就是考前一个月。这一阶段，把所有修改好的文章都拿出来看看。思考
自己
是如何把那些好的优美句子和句型结构用在文章中去的。进一步熟悉那40条句子。
附：论说文句型
注：一至七条为图表句型。
一． 上升增长
1．…add up to… 增加了
eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.
2． to jump to / to soar to.. 一跃达到/ 猛增到…
eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.
3．…an increase of about…percent as compared with.. 与…相比大约增加了…
eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an inc
rease o
f about 79% as compared with the number of January.
4．…to experience an increase/incline …有了增长
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.
二． 下降，减少
1．…to sink/drop/reduce to… 减少到…
eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.
2．…to experience a decrease/decline …有了减少
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease.
注意：
修饰上升/减少的副词有：
rapidly slowly dramatically respectively
表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有：
the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%
三． 起伏
1．…to go up and down …起伏不定
eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.
2．There be ups and downs …有起有伏
eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in （某方面）.
四． 稳定
1．…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持稳定，几乎不变
eg. The rate of …remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during t
he four
years from 1963 to 1967.
2．…to level off (vi.)
eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of l
eveling
off.
注意：
修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有：
almost fairly
可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型：
the general situation was not worsening
show indications of improvement
it can be predicted that…
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,
and it
can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,
showing
signs of improvement in …
五． 成正比，反比
1．…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与…成正比/反比
eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of gra
des, wh
ile female illustrations are in inverse ratio六． 占百分之几，几分之几
1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之…
eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the US.population.
eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute
76%.
2．…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1
/4
eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.
3．…account for…percent 占百分之几
eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…
七． 倍数
1．A be …times as much/many as B
eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.
2．A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的两倍，一半，三倍
eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half t
he amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.
附一 圆盘比例型图表
例： 一个圆盘显示了大学生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, cl
othes, unknown中的开销，它们各自占的比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描叙
这个圆盘图.
描述:
The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing f
ood, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes
up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of
all ,is spend on unknown items.
总结写作模式：
…pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which ac
counts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the rest…, …of a
ll,…….
八.原因结果
1….(结果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 为分词结构]
2….(结果)…, attributable to（原因） [attributable to为形容词短语]
3….(结果) lie in the fact that（原因） [ 同位语从句 ]
4….（结果）result from（原因） [句型一般]
5. It is precisely because （原因）…that （导致结果）… [强调结构]
6. …, as a result, …（导致结果）… [as a result做插入语]
7. （原因）be responsible for（结果） [常见句型]
8. （原因），which in turn（结果）
eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original bu
sinesses into a commercial panic.
九．采取措施，提出建议
1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In
the first place,…. Secondly,…. Finally,… [常见句型]
2. If we let the situation go as it is, …. By that time, …. 如果让这种情
况继续发展下去，那么…….到那个时候，…….[比较好的句型]
3. More and more people are realizing the importance of…[进行时态， more
and more比many好]
4. Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do …[
被动语态，due attention 和be paid to 搭配]
5. If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我们
怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了.[条件句，反问句]
6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb
. to do sth. [It is …for …to do…句型]
7. enhance the awareness of people that…
8. The first nut for us to crack is… 我们首先要解决的是……. [比The first
thing we should do is … 句型 高级的多，精彩的多，生动的多]
9. ……as soon as possible [常见句型]
10. sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 结构， 比sth. be much impo
rtant好]
十．方式，比较
1. (Just) as …, so… 正如… [ 比较句型 ]
eg. Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most imp
ortant of gases.
2. in much the same way/manner that… 正如…, 和…一样
eg. The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europe
ans do.
十一. 让步
1. now that …… 既然…… [让步从句]
eg. Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it
out.
2. unless…not… [ 让步从句]
eg. It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic a
nd environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about meeting th
e challenges. [注意例句中的consider sth. in one context句型:把什么事情放在一起
加以综合考虑]
十二. 强调句
1. only [既是强调句,又是倒装句]
eg. Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation.
2. It is …that…
eg. It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam.
3. nothing but 只不过；只有…
eg. If what we have been striving for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our
nation will be deprived of the right to rise.(这里nothing but 可以去掉,不影响
句意,但有了nothing but,就强调了后面的名词)
十三. 假设
1. Supposing……, it is likely that…. 假设…, 那么很可能… [假设, 虚拟语态
]
eg. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely
you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. from an advertisem
ent.
十四. 反问
1. What else can …? ……..还能做什么呢?
eg. What else can the poor parents do but obey? 这些可怜的家长除了听从外还
能做什么呢?
2. How could ……? 怎能….
eg. How could I put the English books aside to read pastime books?
十五. 比较
1. A is to B what X is to Y. A对于B 就象X对于Y
eg. Food is to man what oil is to machines.
2. ……more…, less…
eg. The closer to Christmas, the crazier they get; they become more agitat
ed, less patient.
十六. 否定
1. 双重否定
not uncommon = common ?/textarea>
十九.直陈观点
1. more than…can 简直不,无法,难以…
eg. The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.
2. beyond description 无法描述
eg. The beauty of the city is beyond description.
3. There is no point(use) in doing… …是没有任何意义的.
4. The first nut for us to crack is … 我们首先要解决的问题是…
5. short-sighted policy 眼光短浅的政策
6. while ……with one hand, ……with the other. 当(我们)一方面…., 而另一方
面…
eg. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is pai
d out i
n increasingly vaster sums with the other.
7. far from 远离,远远不,非但不
eg. Far from taking exception(take exception:反对), no one is even mildly
surpris
ed.
8. be bound to
eg. Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of educatio
n.
9. (or) vice-versa 反之亦然
10. sth. be measured in terms of … sth.用…来衡量
eg. “success” is measured in terms of freedom from insecurity.
11…. (现象)…, upon which views vary from person to person.
12.A be more essential to B. 对B来说, A是尤为关键重要的.
13.Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and
of cont
inuous and concentrated effort over long years. (很优美的句子,值得借鉴)
14. from the …point of view 从…角度来看
eg. From the health point of view 从健康的角度来看
15. ……must be rooted out in order to …. …必须根除以…
eg. Moral corruption must be rooted out in order to preserve the integrity
of the
state. 为了使国家健康发展,必须根除腐败.
16. …represent only the tip of the iceberg. …….只是冰山一角
eg. The most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg.
17. The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shov
e-ahead
to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social develop
ment of
humanity. 科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一个强劲的推动
力(200
1年江泽民的七.一讲话).
18. ….stand tall and aim far, broaden one’s vision and give full play to
one’s
intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of reform, opening-up and the
moderni
zation drive. 站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在改革开放和现代化建设的大舞台上
充分发挥
个人才智(2001年江泽民的七.一讲话). (句中很多的词组都是作文中可以运用到的,比
如改革
开放:reform (and) opening-up等)
19….demonstrate the value of one’s life and work hard to achieve feats t
hat wil
l live up to the expectations of the people and the times. 证实自己的人生价
值,努力
的工作取得成就,而不辜负人民和时代的期望. (出处同上)
20.When asked about…, the overwhelming majority of people say that ….But
other
people think of … as…. / But I think quite differently. (对报刊上某一问题
(已有不
同的人发表了不同的观点)发表自己的观点)
21.It is generally believed/accepted/held that… 通常认为….
22 It is no denying the fact that…. 无可否认…
23….. , so…that…
eg. The river is very clear, so clear that you can see the fishes coming a
nd goin
g in it.
eg. Everything is covered with a thick layer of dust, so poisonous that al
l the g
rass, trees, vegetables and flowers gradually die.
二十、 辨证分析
1. Just as the popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”. From one
side
,…. from the other side,…. 正如一个谚语所说的, “每个硬币都有两面(事物都
是一分
为二的)”.从一方面看…，从另一方面来看…
二十一、 比喻,拟人
1. They are taken prisoners by fame and their achievements turn into a bar
to fu
rther advance.
2. True and deep love of life is the spring from which flow courage, confi
dence
and power.
二十二、副词
1. admittedly 应当承认:
Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures.
2. simply 简而言之:
The answer is simply money.
3. discreetly 小心谨慎地:
point out discreetly that…
4. conceivably 可以想象地:
Smoking may, conceivably, be harmful.
5. surely 肯定地:
This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine.
6. eagerly 渴望地
7. increasingly 不断增长地
While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid ou
t in in
creasingly vaster sums with the other.
8. honestly: 诚实地:
the government is honestly concerned about the welfare of its people政府真
心实意地
关心它的人民的福利
9. certainly: 当然地
As individuals we are certainly weak, but if …作为个人,我们当然是弱小的,但
是如果
…
结束语
这份句型总结，只是包含了大部分的句型结构。对任何人的写作都有一定的帮助。但
是请不要
完全依赖这份总结。（更多更好的短语，句型需要自己在阅读中不断积累总结。）
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好想振作一点点，真的好想
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