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发信人: kangchi (自强不息·厚德载物), 信区: English
标题: 1998年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2000年11月26日19:43:32 星期天), 站内信件

1998年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题

National Master's English Entrance Test(NMEET)注意事项

1. 本试题的答案必须填写在规定的答题卡(ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ)和答题纸(ANSWER
SHEET Ⅱ)上，写在试题上不给分。

2. 第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ部分的答案须用铅笔填涂在答题卡(ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ)上，第IV、
V部分的答案须用蓝、黑墨水笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸(ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ) ，用红包
笔者不给分。

3. 选择题答案选出后，必须用2B铅笔把答题卡(ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ)上的选中项涂满
涂黑，如［A］［B］［C］［D］，修改时，必须用橡皮擦净后，再填涂其它选项。

4. 考试结束后，将答题卡(ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ)和答题纸(ASNWER SHEET Ⅱ)一并装
入试卷袋

内，装答题卡(ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ)时不准折叠。

　

1998年全国硕士研究生入学考试 

英语试题 

National Master's English Entrance Test(NMEET)

　

Part Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary 

Sections A 

Directions: 

Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked
［A］，［B］，［C］and［D］. Choose the one that best completes the
sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the
corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)  

Example: 

I have been to the Great Wall three times 1979. 

［A］from［B］after［C］for［D］since 

　

The sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times
since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose ［D］. 

Sample Answer 

［Ａ］［Ｂ］［Ｃ］［●］ 

1.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time the
last bus .

［A］to have caught

［B］to catch

［C］catching

［D］having caught

2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally.

［A］needn't dress up

［B］did not need have dressed up

［C］did not need dress up

［D］needn't have dressed up

3.I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional .

［A］offend

［B］had offended

［C］should have offended

［D］might have offended

4. Although a teenager, Fred could resist what to do and what not to
do .

［A］to be told

［B］having been told

［C］being told

［D］to have been told

5.Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if
food shortage

avoided .

［A］is to be

［B］can be

［C］will be

［D］has been

6.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and
this is especially true it comes to classroom tests .

［A］before

［B］as

［C］since

［D］when

7.There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a
professional to be re-educated no matter he does .

［A］how

［B］where

［C］what

［D］when

8.I've kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school twenty
years ago .

［A］about

［B］since

［C］till

［D］with

9.He wasn't asked to take on the chairmanship of the society,
insufficiently popular with all members .

［A］being considerd［B］considering

［C］to be considered［D］having considered

10.for the timely investment from the general public,our company would
not be so thriving as it is .

［A］Had it not been

［B］Were it not

［C］Be it not

［D］Should it not be

　

Section B 

Directions: 

Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked ［A］,
［B］,［C］and ［D］. Identify the part of the sentence that is
incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the
corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points) 

Example: 

A number of［Ａ］ foreign visitors were taken［B］ to the industrial
exhibition which［C］ they saw［D］ many new products.

Part ［C］ is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign
visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new
products.” So you should choose ［Ｃ］. 

Sample Answer 

［A］［B］［●］［D］ 

11) According to Darwin,randon changes that enhance a species'［A］
ability for surviving［B］are［C］ naturally selected and passed
on to succeeding［D］ generations.

12) Neither rain nor snow keeps［A］the postman from delivering our
letters which［B］we so much［C］ look forward to receive［D］ .

13) If they will not accept［A］ a check, we shall have［B］to pay
the cash［C］ , though it would be［D］ much trouble for both
sides .

14)Having been［A］ robbed off［B］economic importance, those states
are not［C］ likely to count for very much［D］ in international
political terms.

15) The message will be［A］that［B］neither the market nor the
government is capable of dealing with all of their［C］ uncontrollable
practices［D］ .

16) The logic of scientific development is such［A］ that separates［
B］groups of men workingon［C］ the same problem in far-scattered
［D］ laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same
time.

17) Yet not all of these races areintellectual inferior to ［A］ the
European races, and［B］some may even havea［C］ freshness and
vitality that can renew theenergies［D］ of more advanced races.

18) The［A］ more than 50,000 nuclear weapons in the hands of
various nations today are more than［B］ampledestroying［C］
every city in the world several times over［D］ .

19) The universe works in a way so farremove［A］ from what common
sense would［B］allowthat［C］ words of any kind must
necessarily be inadequate to explain it［D］ .

20) The integration of independent states could best be［A］ brought
about by first［B］creaing a central organization with authorities［C］
over technical ［D］ economic tasks.

Sections C 

Directions: 

Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked
［Ａ］,［B］,［C］and ［Ｄ］. Choose the one that best completes the
sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the
corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)  

Example: 

The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway. ［A］
vanished［B］scattered ［C］abandoned［D］rejected The sentence should
read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off
the highway.” Therefore, you should choose ［C］. 

Sample Answer 

［A］［B］［C］［D］ 

21.The machine needs a complete since it has been in use for over ten
years .

［A］amending

［B］fitting

［C］mending

［D］renovating

22.There were many people present and he appeared only for a few
seconds, so I only caught a of him .

［A］glance

［B］glimpse

［C］look

［D］sight

23.I don't think it's wise of you toyour greater knowledge in front of
the director, for it may offend him .［A］show up

［B］show out

［C］show in

［D］show off

24.The returns in the short may be small,but over a number of years
the investment will be well repaid .

［A］interval

［B］range

［C］span

［D］term

25.A thorough study of biology requireswith the properties of trees
and plants,and the habit of birds and beasts .

［A］acquisition

［B］discrimination

［C］curiosity

［D］familiarity

26.She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results
would her long effort.

［A］justify

［B］testify

［C］rectify

［D］verify

27.I'm very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to my debt
in return for certain services .

［A］take away

［B］cut out

［C］write off

［D］clear up

28.Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may
create a great.

［A］explosion

［B］sensation

［C］exaggeration

［D］stimulation

29.According to what you have just said,am I to understand that his
new post no responsibility with it at all? .

［A］shoulders

［B］possesses

［C］carries

［D］shares

30.Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his to a certain
book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied .

［A］comment

［B］reaction

［C］impression

［D］comprehension

31.Please yourself from smoking and spitting in public places,since
the law fotbids them .

［A］restrain

［B］hinder

［C］restrict

［D］prohibit

32.Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of
every business operation in the whole country .

［A］practically

［B］preferably

［C］precisely

［D］presumably

33.Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion,the
$160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress .

［A］in proportion to

［B］in reply to

［C］in relation to

［D］in contrast to

34.He is planning another tour abroad,yet his passport willat the end of
this month .

［A］expire

［B］exceed

［C］terminate

［D］cease

35.All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read
letters from their families .

［A］sentimental

［B］affectionate

［C］intimate

［D］sensitive

36.Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to, or at
least weaken,the trends that emerged in the 1980s .

［A］revolt

［B］revolve

［C］reverse

［D］revive

37.I was unaware of the critical points involved,so my choice was
quite .

［A］arbitrary

［B］rational

［C］mechanical

［D］unpredictable

38.The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of
vegetables no longeraccording to the weather .

［A］altered［B］converted

［C］fluctuated［D］modified

39.The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly
nottheir prospect of promotion .

［A］spur

［B］further

［C］induce

［D］reinforce

40.In what

to a last minute stay of execution,a council announced that emergency
funding would keep alive two aging satellites .

［A］applies

［B］accounts

［C］attaches

［D］amounts

　

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test 

Directions: 

For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices
marked ［A］,［B］,［C］,［D］. Choose the best one and mark your
answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in
the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) 

Until recently most histroians spoke very critically of the Industrial
Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly
raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its
43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread
poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast,
they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when
England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance
and prosperity. This view, 47，is generally thought to be wrong.
Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things:that the period
from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization
certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions
for the majority of the populace. 

41.

［A］admitted

［B］believed

［C］claimed

［D］predicted

42.

［A］plain

［B］average

［C］mean

［D］normal

43.

［A］momentary

［B］prompt

［C］instant

［D］immediate

44.

［A］bulk

［B］host

［C］gross

［D］magnitude

45.

［A］On

［B］With

［C］For

［D］By

46.

［A］broadly

［B］thoroughly

［C］generally

［D］completely

47.

［A］however

［B］meanwhile

［C］therefore

［D］moreover

48.

［A］at

［B］in

［C］about

［D］for

49.

［A］manifested

［B］approved

［C］shown

［D］speculated

50.

［A］noted

［B］impressed

［C］labeled

［D］marked

　

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension 

Directions: 

Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each
question there are four answers marked ［A］，［B］，［C］ and ［D］.
Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the
questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening
the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points) 

Passage 1 

Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams.
Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and
drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding
so fascination. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind.
Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.

The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn't
help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of
achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves.
Egypt's leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam.
Turkey's bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.

But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example
stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that
floods left ?all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now
so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in
the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short
of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.
The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams.
But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs
a dam to prove itself.

Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the goahead to the
even more wrongheaded Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even
though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless
and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but
they are far from guaranteed.

Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and
benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.
Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible
without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it
is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world
learned the lessons of Aswan. You don't need a dam to be saved. 

51.The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that . 

［A］people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality

［B］the blind could be happier than the sighted

［C］ overexcited people tend to neglect vital things.

［D］fascination makes people lose their eyesight 

52.In paragraph 5, “the powerless” probably refers to . 

［A］areas short of electricity

［B］dams without power stations

［C］poor counrtries around India 

［D］common people in the Narmada Dam area 

53.What is the myth concerning giant dams? 

［A］They bring in more fertile soil.

［B］They help defend the country.

［C］They strengthen international ties. 

［D］They have univeral control of the waters. 

54.What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as .［A］“
It's no use crying over spilt milk”

［B］“More haste, less speed”

［C］ “Look before you leap”

［D］“He who laughs last laughs best” 

Passage 2 

Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without
gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival.
What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that
businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.

The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if
you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown
on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the
average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has
increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 197887
average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to
the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and
so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.
There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “
disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a
leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of
this can be easily explanied. New ways of organizing the workplace
allthat reengineering and downsizing ?are only one contribution to the
overalll productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other
factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new
technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most
of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable,
and this need not always mean increasing productivity:switching to
new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.

Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business
restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second,
even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than
people suppose.

Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au
Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “
reengineering”has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of
revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague,
Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re
engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without
giving sufficent thought to longterm profitability. BBDO's Al
Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of reengineering
consultants as mere rubbish ?“the worst sort of ambulancecashing.”

55.According to the author, the American economic situation is .［A］not
as good as it seems［B］at its turning point

［C］much better than it seems 

［D］near to complete recovery 

56.The official statistics on productivity growth . 

［A］exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle

［B］fall short of businessmen's anticipation

［C］meet the expectation of business people 

［D］fail to reflect the true state of economy 

57.The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?”
because . 

［A］he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”

［B］he does not think the productivity revolution works

［C］he wonders if the official statistics are misleading 

［D］he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses 

58.Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?

［A］Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.

［B］New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase
productivity.

［C］The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term
profitability. ［D］The consultants are a bunch of goodfornothigns.


Passage 3 

Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of
culture. Think of Gallileo's 17thcentury trial for his rebelling
belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake's harsh
remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism
between sceience and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this
century.

Until recently, the seientific community was so powerful that it could
affort to ignore its critics ?but no longer. As funding for science
has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books,
notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R.Gross, a biologist at the
University of Verginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers
University; and The Demon Haunted World, by Car Sagan of Cornell
University.

Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as
“The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995,
and “Science in the Age of (Mis)information,”which assembled last
June near Buffalo.

Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross
and Levittfind fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other
academics who have questioned science's objectivity. Sagan is more
concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other
phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.A survey of news
stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to
many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the
elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to
Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, those
manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a
pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists
concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an
essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.

The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true
enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a
pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence
supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other
consequences of industrial growth.

Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of
becoming meaningless. “The term ‘antiscience’ can lump together
too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher
Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and AntiScience. “They have
in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who
regard themselves as more enlightened. ”

59.The word “schism”(Line 4, Paragraph 1) in the context probably
means . 

［A］confrontation

［B］dissatisfaction

［C］separation 

［D］contempt 

60.Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to . 

［A］discuss the cause of the decline of science's power

［B］show the author's symphathy with scientists

［C］explain the way in which science develops 

［D］exemplify the division of science and the humanities 

61.Which of the following is true according to the passage? 

［A］Environmentalists were blamed for antiscience in an essay.

［B］Politicans are not subject to the labeling of antiscience.

［C］The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as antiscience 

［D］Tagging environmentalists as “antiscience” is justifiable 

62.The author's attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience”
is . 

［A］impartial

［B］subjective

［C］biased 

［D］puzzling 

Passage 4 

Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more
and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast
and Midwest reaches a near standstill.

This development ?and its strong implications for US politics and
economy in years ahead ?has enthroned the South as America's most
densely populated region for the first time in the history of the
nation's head counting.

Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people
?numerically the thirdlargest growth ever recorded in a single decade.
Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American
annual records except for the Depression years.

Americans have been migrating south and west in larger number since
World War Ⅱ, and the pattern still prevails.

Three sunbelt states ?Florida, Texas and California ?together had
nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large
cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to
10th ?with Cleveland and Washington.DC,dropping out of the top 10.

Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow
belt, census officials say, Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role,
too ?and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's “baby boom”
generation reached its child bearing years.

Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined
by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans
apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer
people, too. Some instances棯ァ?Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states
reported the most rapid growth rate ?37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast
area with only 5 percent of the US population.●Among states, Nevada
and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively.
Except fro Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed
of Western states with 7.5 million people ?about 9 per square mile.The
flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to
morebearable climates.

Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for
spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7
million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state.

In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California,
mostly to other parts of the West. Often they chose ?and still are
choosing ?somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in
order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the
Golden State. 

As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.
5 percent ?little more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and
considerably below that of other Western states.

63.Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980
census provided, America in 1970s . 

［A］enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history

［B］witnessed a southwestern shift of population

［C］underwent an unparalleled period of population growth 

［D］brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World dWar
Ⅱ

64.The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population
movement in that . 

［A］it stresses the climatic influence on population distribution 

［B］it highlights the contribution of continuous waves of immigrants

［C］it reveals the Americans' new persuit of spacious living 

［D］it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday's “baby boom” 

65.We can see from the available statistics that . 

［A］California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US


［B］the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located
in the West［C］cities with better climates benefited unanimously from
migration 

［D］Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of
population66.The word “demographers” (Line 1, Paragraph 8) most
probably means . 

［A］people infavor of the trend of democracy

［B］advocates of migration between states

［C］scientists engaged in the studey of population 

［D］conservatives clinging to old patterns of life 

Passage 5 

Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated
volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the
world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the
great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary,
many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots
move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past
them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic
trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.

That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute. Africa and South
America, for example, are moving away from eath other as new material is
injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary
coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean
are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative
motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed
in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot
readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior.
It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in
opposite direcitons or whether one continent is stationary and the other
is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of
the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the
quesiton. From an analysis of the hotspot popultion it appears that
the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the
past 30 million years.

The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame
of reference. It now appears that they also have an important
influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the
globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the
material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome
grows, it develops seed fissures(cracks); in at least a few cases the
continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the
hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier
theories have explanied the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may
explain their mutability(inconstance).

67.The author believes that . 

［A］the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earth's
interior

［B］the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be
true

［C］the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions 

［D］the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart 

68.That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from
the fact that .

［A］the two continents are still moving in opposite direcitons

［B］they have been found to share certain geological features

［C］the African plates has been stable for 30 million years 

［D］over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe 

69.The hotspot theory may prove useful in explaining . 

［A］the structure of the African plates

［B］the revival of dead volcanoes

［C］the mobility of the continents 

［D］the formation of new oceans 

70.The passage is mainly about . 

［A］the features of volcanic activities

［B］the importance of the theory about drifting plates

［C］the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies 

［D］the process of the formation of volcanoes 

Part Ⅳ EnglishChinese Translation 

Directions: 

Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined
sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on
the ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. (15 points).  

They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that
scientists had ever decteded: a strip of enourmous cosmic clouds some 15
billion lightyears from earth. 71)But even more important, it was the
farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for
what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15
billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe
was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and
expected; the US National Aeronautics and Space Administratin's Cosmic
Background Explorer satellite 桟obe梙ad disvocered landmark evidence
that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has
become known as the Big Bang(the theory that the universe originated in
an explosion from a single mass of energy).72)The existence of the
giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put
forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant
explanation of the cosmos. According the the theory, the universe
burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knot of pure
energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it
went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over
billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies,
stars, plants and eventully, even humans.Cobe is designed to see just
the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller
hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and
superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn't have long to wait.
73)Astrophysicists working with groundbased detectors at the South
Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures,
and may report their findings soon. 74)If the small hot spots look as
expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a
refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.
Inflation says that very early on, the unverse expanded in size by
more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than
a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. 75)Odd though it sounds,
cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some
respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists
have been conviced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

Part Ⅴ Writing (15 points) 

Directions: 

A.Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in no less
than 150words.

B.Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. 

C.Your essay should meet the requirements below: 

1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. 

2. Give your comments

如此承诺

各行各业兴承诺

欢迎监督不推托

原本皆为份内事

何须高唱“文明歌” 

1998年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 

Part Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary (20 points) Section A 

1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.A

Section B 

11.B 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.C

Section C 

21.C 22.B 23.D 24.D 25.D 26.A 27.C 28.B 29.C 30.B 31.A 32.A 33.D 34.A
35.B 36.C 37.A

38.C 39.B 40.D

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test (10 points) 

41.A 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.D 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.C 50.D

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 points) 

51.C 52.D 53.D 54.C 55.A 56.B 57.B 58.A 59.C 60.D 61.A 62.A 63.B 64.C
65.D 66.C 67.B

C 68.B 69.D 70.C

Part Ⅳ EnglishChinese Translation (15 points) 

71.更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看
到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 

72.巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起
源论的主导地位所不可缺少的。 

73.天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，
也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。 

74.假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种
论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。 

75.宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上
看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七、八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。 

［总体分析］难度：0.49，区分度：0.521。满分：15分，平均分：7.33分。考生
得分集中在6～10分之间。考生得到了很好的区分。今年所选的文章看似偏向理科
，但作为一个准备攻读硕士研究生学位的考生，对这种科普文章还是应该有所了解
的。

［点评］

对于翻译，人们普遍遵循的一个原则是“信达雅”。可是具体到考试中对某些句子
的翻译则是做到“信达”足以，至于“雅”。这在目前还不是研究生英语入学考试
中的任务。万事以“信”为本，只有做到信才能达到交流的目的，在考试中的交流
则是以考生看懂了文章，理解了文章内涵并能将意思正确地用中文表示出来的形式
体现的。如译文有误，则说明双方暂时还沟通，还达不到交流的目的。如何才能达
到沟通的程度呢?笔者认为起码要做如下几点：

1. 积累足够的词汇量，至于这一点，面对入学英语考试，考生首先要考试大纲所
附词汇表中的单词记住，如能在此基础上有所扩展，当然更好。

2. 对常用短语、固定搭配要清楚。在大纲词汇表中对一些词的固定用法有交待，
这些自不待言，考生还应在平时阅读时对比较好的、生动的表达方法给予足够的注
意，以便在日后考试中见到时能对词组有一个整体的了解，而不是对一个一个孤零
零的词的理解。

3. 正确翻译的前提是正确地理解了原文，特别是文章的篇章结构、内容，而不仅
仅是某一个句子。因为有时可能对某一个句子中的单词全都知道是什么意思，可离
开上下文就是不能将原句意思完整、准确地表达出来。

如能做以上三点，正确翻译应不成为什么问题。但目前从考生的翻译成绩来看，似
乎还有不少的问题，考生的成绩县殊相当大，在15分的翻译中，有些考生可得13～
14分，但也有相当一部分考生只得了3~4分，个别考生甚至只得1分或者干脆放弃不
做了，这是为什么呢?据笔者分析，究其原因，主要分为以下几类：

1. 放弃不做或是得分特别低的考生主要是因为英文总体水平低，词汇量小，语法
知识零乱，故而无从下笔。

2. 平时翻译实践少，不知基本翻译常识，连最简单的增、减原则都不知道，见到
句子就一词一词地来对应翻译，使得译文不通，尽管单个词的词义基本都写出来了
。

3. 英语外的知识缺乏，即常识性的科普、文化等方面的知识欠缺，故而在译文中
笔话百出，如98年的考试中有一个宇宙大爆炸的词“Big Bang”，有的考生竟然将
它译作了“大笨钟”，这个译文从上下文中是绝对不会联想到的，这就是说该考生
可能以前在某些文章中看到过英国“大笨钟”(Big Ben)的故事故而望文生义，不
管上下文内容。归根到底，还是阅读能力不强所致。下面就考生的部分译文做一些
分析。

71. ［参考答案］但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景
象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

［分析］难度：0.63。区分度：0.303。此题难度中档，区分度很好。得2分的考生
有54.2%，得3分的考生有8%。

［注释］此句在5句话中属较易的一句，但也有部分考生将结构理解错了，以为有
了It was … that，就是强调句型，因此将句子译为：“更重要的是，正是这种最
远的距离使得科学家们能够研究过去，因为…。”此句中的It 实为一个有具体
指代意义的实义词，It 应是指上句中所提到的150亿年前形成的巨大云团，that引
导的应是一个定语从句。

72. ［参考答案］巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以
保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所不可缺少的。

［分析］难度：0.46。区分度：0.404。此题属于中等难度的题目。区分度很好。
得2分的考生有29.6%。得3分的考生只有2.1%。［注释］此句中有一个带逻辑主语
的不定式，此不定式又被first put forward in the 1920s这一插入语给分开了。
故而使一些考生没看懂此句，某考生译成：“因为大爆炸，这些巨大的云团的存在
被大量要求，为维持它的区域当作…的主要的解释依据，这个论点是20世纪20年代
提出的。”这就是对for the Big Bang后的插入语没有给予足够注意，以为此句
到for the Big Bang就结束，实际上，后面的to maintain...这一不定式和前面的
for the Big Bang 为一体。由此可见对较复杂点的语法结构如无准备就会影响考
试成绩。还有的考生将Big Bang 理解为一个人(因是专有名词)，译成：“大量云
的存在实际上是由Big Bang发现的，他在19世纪20年代提出并把它作为宇宙爆炸的
重要依据。”这种理解也是对上、下文理解不够，没有搞清楚its 和Big Bang之
间的指代关系。如果看出此关系就绝对不会将Big Bang 之间的指代关系。如果看
出此关系就绝对不会将Big Bang 看作是一个人了。此外，他对年代的表述也是错
的。另一种情况就是没看懂句子，只根据只言片语就下笔译加上自己的猜测，使
译文无法理解。如：“巨大云层的产生必然需要大爆炸，先是在1920秒后向前推进
，保持它的形体，以此作为对宇宙形成的解释。”

该考生不知此句中的put forward是“提出”，也不知reign是“统治地位”，只认
得maintain, 故妄加狡滑，译出的东西不知所云，此类考生应属词汇量太小一类的
。

73. ［参考答案］天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观
测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。

［分析］难度：0.03，区分度：-0.007。此题很难，出现了负区分。抽样中有高达
3027位考生得零分，占比例为94.2%。得2分的考生只有1.2%。得1分的考生只有4.
7%。没有一个得3分的考生。

［注释］有些考生搞不清working with ... 和 at the South Pole 两个短语分别
是修饰Astrophysicists和groundbased detectors, 也不知道borne是bear的过去
分词，故而将此句译成：“航空物理学家在南极用基于大地探测器和燃烧的气球作
为工具去研究这些结构，…。”有的考生甚至不知道Souht Pole 是南极，将South
pole 译为南Pole。还有一些考生的理解混乱、修饰结构不清楚，如：“天文学家
靠南极的地面探测器来工作，与这些建筑相连的有传送装置，它们能够快速地传送
这边发现的信息。”该考不知close in on...是“接近…”，而理解成be
closed to...。

74. ［参考答案］假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学率的
胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。

［分析］难度：0.49，区分度：0.429。此题属于中等难度的题目，区分度很好。
得2分的考生有37.4%。得3分的考生只有2.7%.

［注释］有的考生没有看出called the inflationary universe theory是一个后
置修饰定语，而当成了谓语，译成“…就是Big Bang所称之的宇宙爆炸理论。还有
一些考生对spot,triumph和refinement不认识，译成了“如果小的热场景能像预期
那样看到，那么这对别的科学理论是一个挑战，像限制大爆炸理论的宇宙扩散理论
。”

75. ［参考答案］宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的
理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直认为这一论说是正
确的。

［分析］难度：0.39，区分度：0.444。此题难度中等，区分度很好。得3分的考生
只有0.7%。得2分的考生也只有24.2%。

［注释］本句的理解重点应在：1. though 引导的让步状语 2. some respected
ideas 3. the better part of a decade有些考生将状语从句译成：“尽管它发
出声音”，“虽听起来简单”，“虽然听起来是偶然的”等等。将respected译成
“关于…”，将the better part of a decade译成“一段时期中更好的一部分”
，“十年有最好的部分是真的”，“这一新的一部分”等等。有的译文简直是不知
所云，如：“尽管它发出声音，它能给电分区物理学带来主张，并且许多天文学家
都从实际中得出了部分结论。”从以上问题可以看出，考生的最大问题在词汇和语
法知识欠缺，如要准备考试，一定要先从这两方面下手，在语法复习方面要注意结
构和被分离的结构的一体性，如：1. 不珲式分离：带to的不定式通常是不拆开的
，但偶尔也有将一个副词插入其间的情况，这种情况称为分裂不定式，如：

a. He was unable, however, to long keep silence.

b. Well, Dad oughtn't to ever let you have it.

c. The observer who had thoroughly understood one link in a series of
incidents should be able to accuratley state all the other ones.

这种将 to 和它一面的动词拆开的做法是为了避免由于将这一插入的副词放在句中
其他位置而产生的歧义，如下面两句意思可能会不同。

a. He failed entirely to comprehend it.

b. He failed to entirely comprehend it.

在a句中，entirely既可以看作是修饰failed, 也可以看作是修饰 to comprehend
。而在b句中则只能是修饰comprehend了。因此，可以说，不家式的分离是有特定
作用的。

2. 有时在两句话中的单词一模一样，只不过not换了地方，这样句意就会有区别，
如：

a. I wasn't anxious to go.

b. I was anxious not to go.

第一句的含义是，并不特别想去；第二句是想不去，又例如：

a. I wasn't sorry to break the cup.

b. I was sorry not to break the cup.

第一句是说打碎了杯子不遗憾，而第二句则是很遗憾没有打碎这个杯子。

3. 长句的译法：

在一个较长的句子面前，首先要做到心中不乱。冷静分析句子结构，找出句子中的
层层意思，然后再下笔译，如：

And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it
can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours has not yet been
able t take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance
that gets in the way.

分析如下：此句是由一个主句、一个同位误从句(在fact后)、两个定语从句
(which...; that gets...)和一个宾语从句(在boasts后)组成。全句共有四层意思
：1. 下面事实使我增强了信心；2. 敌人吹嘘几个小时后就能占领战略要地；3.
敌人甚至没有能占领外围地带；4. 其原因是由于受到顽强抵抗。全句为：“吹嘘
能在几个小时内就占领战略”要地的敌人，甚至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事实
使我增强了信心。”

从译文可以看出这句采用了逆序法，即从最后往前译，这是由于汉语的习惯是原因
应在前，结果在后。

4. 词和短语的句化处理

许多考生在翻译时不会将某些词或短语拿出来单译，而是逐字往下推列。结果是文
字不通，令人费解。如果想使译文通顺，有时必须将单个词或短语译成句子，这样
意思才可表达清楚，如：

a. The Chinese seemed Justifiably proud of their economic achievments.

(译：中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。)

b. A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving
a rifle.

(译：我离开那个单人掩体速度之快，要是拍成电影的话，会像出膛的子弹一样。
)

c. Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and
choking the shadows.

(译：阳光射入了它所能透过的所有地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影。)

d. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universaly accepted
law.

(译：能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。)

以上4类现象是在翻译考试中常碰见的，考生如能按照分析第3类(长句)句子的方法
去做，注意1、2、4类的译法，相信大家一定都能将此部分题做好。

Part Ⅴ Writing (15 points) 

(略)

　



1998年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题

评分标准及参考答案

阅卷须知：

1.阅卷一律以本答案为准，不得改动，不得另行制定答案。

2.保持卷面整洁；阅卷人应以高度负责的精神认真仔细地批阅试卷。 

3. 第ⅠⅡⅢ 部分采用机器阅卷。

4.第Ⅳ、第Ⅴ部分采用人工阅卷。阅卷人一律用红笔批改，错误处用横线划出，将
每道大题得分填入大题得分格内，并填入答题纸总计分格内，要求计分正确、清楚
，每题必须由两位阅卷人员评阅，并在大题得分格内签上名，第ⅣⅤ部分两大题计
分时，0.5分者不进位，但总分累计时可进位，作整数填入总计分格

5.计分以小题为单位，每小题的扣分不得超过该题的分值。

评分标准：

Ⅳ 英译汉：5题，每题3分，共15分

1) 如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，其得分最多不得超过1分。

2) 如出现两种或两种以上正确译法，给分；其中一种译法错误者，酌情扣分，扣
分最多不超过1分。

3) 汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分，在不影响意思的前提下，满三个
错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。

Ⅴ 写作：1题，15分

本题以通篇分档计分，计分标准如下：

1. 15-13分：内容切题，包括图画的全部信息：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式
有变化，句子结构和用词正确，文章长度符合要求。

2. 12-10分：内容切题，包括图画的全部信息：比较清楚地表达其内涵，文字基本
连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误，文章长度符合要求。

3. 9-7分：内容切题，基本包括图画的信息；基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和
用词有少量错误，文章长度符合要求。

4. 6-4分：基本表达图画信息，语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和用词错误，
文章长度基本符合要求。

5. 3-1分：基本按图画写作，但只有少数句子可以理解。

6. 0分：文不切题，语句混乱，无法理解。

7.长度计分标准：120-140词：扣2分90-120词：扣4分90词以下：扣6分

　

1998年全国研究生入学考试

英语试卷详解

Part I 语法结构与词汇

Secfion A

1.答案为［B］ to catch the bus

此题测试的是应该用不定式还是现在分词来作time的定语。它们的区别在于：不定
式一般修饰要去做的事；现在分词修饰正在做的事。从此句的意思来看应该是要去
做的事，即：我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车，所以可以排除［C］和［D］。［A］
是不定式的完成时，表示已经完成了的动作，显然不合题意，故也排除。本题参见
《1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语必备》第五章、第二节、四、1

2.答案为［D］ needn't have dressed up情态动词need (not)+完成时的结构表示
原本必要或没有必要去做的事情，但却没有或已经做了。此题前半句里it
turned out to be，和后半句里so formally表示当时的家宴规模很小，所以我们
没有必要穿戴得如此正规，这样选择［D］最符合题意。［A］和［C］的结构所表
达的意思不合题意。［D］虽然也有need (not)+have+ED的结构，但是它的否定
词用了did not，说明这个need不是情态动词，情态动词的否定式应该是need
not 或needn't，所以［B］也可以排除。本题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学考试英
语必备》第四章、第二节、六

3.答案为［B］ had offended，难度值是0.34此题要求在if 从句中选择适当的动
词形式。从主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if 从句中表达的内容应该是过去
做的事，因此可以排除［A］、［C］和［D］。因为［A］是现在时；［C］中
should+have+ED 结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，也不合题意；但54.72%的
考生选了［D］项。在此项中might+have+ED结构表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的
猜测，所以它表达内容还不能成为事实，所以不合题意，也排除。［B］had
offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是错综条件句：apolgize是现在，而条件
句if…是表示过去的条件，这一点从后边一句的时态可以看出(it was
unintentiond )这样表示过去的条件用过去完成时。此题意为：如果我当时冒犯
了你，我向你道歉，但我保证那不是故意的。.本题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学
考试英语必备》第三章、第二节、四

4.答案为［C］ being told

动词resist后面只能跟动名词而不能跟不定式，所以［A］和［D］可以排除。［C
］和［B］的区别在于：［B］having been told表示已经被告知，而［C］being
told泛指一般的被告知。从此题看，没有特指何时，何地、何事，所以应该确定为
泛指，即选［C］，此题意为：尽管Fred只有十几岁，他也不接受别人指使他该做
什么和不该做什么。本题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语必备》第六章、第
二节、三

5.答案为［A］ is to be

从逻辑上分析，此句的主从句的关系应为：如果要…，就必须要…。在if 从句中
如果表示要去做的事时，不能用将来时，所以［C］肯定不对。而［B］和［D］
中can be avoided与has been avoided 都表示能够或已经避免了……，在逻辑上
与主句连用意思不通，所以也都不对。［A］所用的结构 to be to do sth 表示计
划中将要做的事。此句意为：如果要避免粮食短缺，应做更大的努力来增加农业生
产。本题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语必备》第一章、第三节、二和四，
以及第五章、第二节、八

6.答案为［D］ when此题所测试的是一个固定搭配。when it comes to sth 是
一个固定搭配结构，表示当谈及或涉及到…时，所以只能选择［D］。本题参见《
1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语必备》第十一章、42、③

7.答案为［C］ what

判断此题的关键词是最后一个动词does。 do既可作助动词代替前面一个动词或构
成疑问句，也可以是实义动词指一项工作或一项活动。比如在习惯用法中“What
do you do?”中，第二个 do 就是指所做的工作。根据此用法以及全句的意思，
does应该指的是所做的工作，而其它三个how、 where、和when与 do在一起用时
，do 多是助动词，代前面某个动词，与全句意思不符，故排除。全句意为：这个
城市有一百多所夜校，这样可以使专业人员无论做什么工作都可以得到再教育。本
题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语必备》第十四章、第二节、三

8.答案［D］ with，难度值为0.30这是一个含有定语从句的句子。关系代词
whom 在定语从句中做宾语。宾格whom 应为介词宾语，即介词+whom 。当whom 作
关系代词提前时，其介词可以保留在从句中。从四个选项来看，［B］和［C］可以
立即排除，因为since 和till后面只能接表示时间概念的名词，而不与whom连用。
但遗憾的是选［B］项的占总人数的55.32%。［A］中about 虽然可以与whom 连用
表示关于某人，但放在句中I was at school about whom(girl)，显然与整句意思
不符，故也排除。本句意思为：我与二十年前就与我同校的一个女孩一直保持友好
关系。其中I was at school with whom意为：上学时我与她在一起。本题参见《
1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语必备》第十四章、第一节、一、4.

9.答案为［A］ being considered此题测试是现在分词短语与不定式短语在用法上
的区别。从此句的第一部分内容看，这个短语应作状语，解释第一部内容的原因，
因此可以排除不定式，即［C］，因为不定式作状语时，只表示目的或结果，而分
词短语可作原因状语。［A］与［B］、［D］之间的区别在于主动和被动。从原句
看，这个分词短语的逻辑主语应与主句中的主语一致，即he，所以应该选择被动结
构［A］，意为：因为他被认为不太受其它成员的欢迎。本题参见《1998年硕士研
究生入学考试英语必备》第七章、第二节、一、1.和第六章、第二节、八、3.

10.答案为［A］ Had it not been这四个选择均能引导一个虚拟假设的从句。但虚
构语气可以有现在和过去的虚拟，其结构也不一样。［A］表示过去的虚拟，其余
［B］、［C］、［D］均表示现在的虚拟。根据整句的内容来看，前半句中的
timely investment(及时的投资)一定是已经做过的事情，所以应是过去的虚拟，
故选［A］，而排除［B］、［C］、［D］，但还是有25%的考生选择了［B］项。要
注意的是，这个句子主从句中的时态是错综的，它的主句用的是现在虚拟。整句的
意思是：要不是当时公众的及时投资，我们的公司今天就不会如此地兴盛。本题参
见《1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语必备》第三章、第二节、四和五

Section B

11.［B］错应改成to survive，难度值为0.52 ability 要求用不定式做定语来修
饰，所以选［B］。［A］中a species' ability是对的。species可作单数，也作
复数，这里明显是作单数(因为前边有a)以s结尾的名词变所有格时只加“'”，
选本项的占14.81%。ability既可作不可数名词，也可作可数名词，此时指物种所
具有的一种能力。［C］中的are 做主语changes的谓语。［D］中to succeeding
接在短语pass on 后面，用法是对的，因为pass on to sb/sth是固定搭配，意为
“遗传到(给)…”。选本项的考生占24.07%。本题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学考
试英语必备》第五章、第二节、四、4.

12.［D］错应改为receiving在短语look forward to (期盼)中，to 是介词，后
面不能接不定式，而应接名词或动名词。［A］中的keeps是对的。在neither…
nor…的结构中，其后的动词形式应取决于最靠近它的名词数，keeps就是由snow
决定的。［B］中which引导一个定语从句修饰letters,［C］中so much作副词修饰
动词短语look forward to。本题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语必备》第
六章、第二节、四、2.

13.［C］错应改为pay (in) cash付现金的习惯用法是pay (in) cash。［A］很容
易看成是错的，因为will 表示将来时是不能用在if 从句中的。但是这里will与
not 连用不是表示时态，而是表示意愿：“总是不”或“说什么也不”。例如：
The door will not lock。(这扇门说什么也锁不上。)所以［A］是对的。［B］
shall have to 表示将不得不。［D］中的would在此的用法表示按照某种判断“应
当会”或“可能会”，语气较婉转。例如：If you go to see him，he would
be delighted.(如果你去看他，他有可能会很高兴的。)Hurry up! it would be a
pity to miss the beginning of the play.(赶紧!看不到戏的开头会很遗憾的)
。全句意为：如果他们不愿收支票，我们将不得不付现金，尽管那样对双方都很麻
烦。本题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语必备》第一章、第三节、二。

14.［B］错应改为of 

动词rob 意为抢劫或使某人失去……，通常与介词of 连用。例如：I was
robbed of my cash, (我的钱被抢了。) A lastminute goal robbed them of
almost certain victory.(最后一分钟的进球使他们几乎到手的胜利失去了)此句
中出现的短语count for 意为成为有价值或重要。［D］中 very much 作副词修饰
count for，选本项的考生占25%。全句意为：由于失去了经济地位，这些国家都
极不可能在国际政治关系中起到重要作用。本题是一道词汇题。B项应改为
robbed of。

15.［C］错应改为its，难度值为0.21

在that引导的从句中，主语用了neiter…nor…的结构，谓语用了单数is，它的主
语应该是the government(此用法在第12题中已作过解释。)因此其后的所有格形式
也应是单数its。［B］中that 引导的是一个表语从句，修饰message，但有32.
69%的考生认为本项错。更有甚者，34.62%的考生认为［A］项错。还有11.54%的考
生认为［D］项错。当practice指贯例、作法、习俗或业务时，可以是复数形式。
本题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语必备》第十二、第一节、三、4.

16.［B］错应改为separate，难度值为0.35在此句中separate作形容词修饰
groups of men，所以它不用加s。［A］中such在这里作代词，代指that从句中
所表达的内容，因为考生没有明白这一点，竟有63.46%的考生选了本项。［C］中
的on 与work一起用表示工作所涉及的内容。比如：He is working on a new
novel.(他正在写一部小说。)［D］中far scattered是一个由副词与过去分词连用
的组合词，作形容词修饰laboratories。全句意为：科学发展的逻辑是各个不同小
组的人在四处分散的实验室里探索同一问题，这样很可能会在同一时间里得出同一
种答案。本题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语必备》第七章、第一节、二


17.［A］错应改为intellectually inferior to 难度值为0.29 inferior to 是一
个形容词短语(次等的)，修饰它时应用副词而不能用形容词，连续三年来都有这样
的题，请大家仔细阅读《英语必备》的有关章节。莫名奇妙的是有30.77%的考生选
了［B］项。［C］中的a看起来象是错的，但实际上没错(选本项的考生有28.85%)
，a 用于不可数抽象名词前表示一种或某种的意思。如：a deep hatred for
enemies (对敌人的一种深仇大恨)；we are looking for someone with a good
knowledge of German。(我们正在寻找懂德语的人。)［D］中energies用作复数时
指人的精神和身体的能量。如：apply all one's energies to a task (将某人的
全部能量(精力)投入到一项工作中)。本题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语
必备》第十章、第四节、十一

18.［C］错应改为 to destroy，难度值是0.45此句的基本结构应该是：n
(nuclear weapons)+ be (are)+ adj (ample)+ to V (to destroy)。这里的不定
式作状语，引出由前面形容词的特点导致的后果。例如：The temperature is
high enough to change water into steam。(温度高得足以使水变为水蒸气。)分
词短语作状语时不表示结果。［A］中定冠词特指那些各国所控制的核武器，The…
weapons并没错，但有33.96%的考生选了此项。［B］中more than 与形容词连用表
示非常的、极度的，比如：I'm more than happy to take you there in my
car.(我非常高兴开车送你去那儿。)［D］ over 用来修饰times，意为超过若干倍
。全句意为：今天控制在各国手中的5万多枚核武器能量极为强大，足以若干次地
摧毁世界上的所有城市。本题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学考试英语必备》第七
章、第二节、一、8.

19.［A］错应改为removing，难度值是0.53 在此句中removing from 用来做定语
修饰a way，而remove是动词原形，显然不能做定语。 far 是副词，修饰removing
from ，意为远离…，或大大超出了。so 与［C］中的that 连用表示达到…程度
，以致于…。［B］中would的用法与13题中［D］的解释一样，婉转地表示应当或
可能会。［D］中it指的是前面提及的way，因为它与所指代的词离得太远，使33.
96%的考生选了本项。全句意为：宇宙运转的方式如此远远超出一般常识，(以致于
)任何语言都决不足以能够对其进行解释。本题参见《1998年硕士研究生入学考试
英语必备》第六章、第二节、六、1.

20.［C］错应为with authority，难度值为0.04 authority既可作可数名词也可作
不可数名词，两种用法意思不同。作可数名词时，指具有权力的人或集团；作不可
数名词时，指权力。在此句中，authouity与 with一起用来修饰前面的a cental
organization，后面又有over technical economic tasks来修饰 authority，显
然它指的是权力而不是人，所以［C］错了。比如：She now has authouity
over the people she used to take orders from.(现在她已能指挥那些曾经对她
发号施令的人)。［A］中could表示委婉地陈述看法，如：Ithink you coucd
rub the axle in this manner。(我想你还是按这种方式擦这个轴。)但考生中绝
大部分(占84%)认为［A］项错。

Secfion C

21.答案为［C］mending这四个选项为近词，但在使用中侧重点不同。其中［A］和
［B］离本句意图相差最远。amend：修正、改正,如：amend a bill, amend one's
way; fit：为…安装或提供设备,如：fit the lab with the latest equipment;
［C］与［D］离本句意思相近，但是,mend：修理，修补,如：mend a road, mend
a hole; renovate：革新，革新,如：The house has been completely
renovated and modernized.看来对机器的本身无法更新，因此修理它更为确切。
原句意为：这台机器已经使用了十几年了，需要彻底的修理。

22.答案为［B］ glimpse这四个选项都有“看”的意思，但侧重的意思和搭配有所
不同：glance：一瞥，眼光。通常搭配的动词是：take/ have/ cast a glance at
…glimpse:一瞥，一看，通常搭配的形式是：catch/get a glimpse of (瞥见
…)， a glimpse at Shanghai (上海一瞥)look：看。通常的搭配形式是：
have/take a look at …sight:视觉，瞥见。这是不可数名词。通常搭配是：
sight of sth /sb 或catch sight of sth 从以上的词意和搭配来看，glimpse最
合适。它的意思是短暂一瞥，搭配是 catch a glimpse of ，符合原句。但有34%
的考生选了［D］项。

23.答案为［D］show off show off 意为炫耀。放在句子中意为“炫耀你的高知
”。show up意为出现、揭发。如：show sb up as a thief (揭露某人是贼)；
Why didn't you show up at the meeting yesterday?(昨晚开会时你怎么没有到
场?)，选本项的人占39.62%。show out与show in 都不是固定短语，没有意义。

24.答案为［D］ term，难度值为0.26此题也是测试近义词在词意和搭配上的区
别。从原句看，大意应该是：在短期内利润可能很小，但若干年以后，投资将得到
很好地回报。从这四个选项中，首先可以排除的是［A］(但选本项的占50.98%)和
［B］(11.76%)，因为interval指的是间隔、间歇，强调两个事件之间的时间，它
的搭配是：at intervals (不时)，at long/short intervals(间或，常常)。
range 主要指区域或范围。span和term在指时期上意思相近，但span侧重于一定范
围内的时间跨度，如：the life span(寿命)，a short span of three year(短短
的三年期限)。term则侧重于一定的时期或期限，它有固定搭配：in the
long/short term(在长远或近期的时期内)。根据此搭配，应选择［D］25.答案
为［D］familiarity，难度值为0.19此题判断的主要线索是介词with，能与它搭
配连用的只有familiarity。此根据来源于它的形容词搭配：be familiar with(对
…熟悉)。其它几个词的意思和用法如下：acquisition：获得，如：the
acquisition of knowledge/share(获得知识或股票)，选本项的占考生的71.70%。
discriminaton：区别，判断力；如：show discriminaton in one's choice of
clothes(在挑选服饰上表现出良好的判断力)learn discriminaton between
right and wrong (学会区分正误)curiosity：好奇心；如：curiosity about
other cultures (对其它文化的好奇心)

26.答案为［A］justify，难度值为0.10这是几个词形相近但意思不同的词：
justify：证明某人或某事有理或正确；如：Her success has clearly justified
their early faith in her.(她的成功清楚地证实了他们早先对她的信任是对的
。)testify：证实，表明；如：testify one's regret(表示歉意);Acts
testify intent.(行动表明动机);The teacher testified to the boy's honest
。(老师证实了那男孩的诚实)rectify：矫正，整顿；如：rectify errors(纠正错
误)，rectify one's life(改过自新)verify：证实，检验；如：verify the
figures of a report(核实一个报告中的数字)，选本项的占考生的61.70%。从
以上四个词意与搭配的不同判断［A］正确。全句意为：她努力地工作，但事先并
不能肯定其结果是否会白费力气。

27.答案为［C］ write off判断此题需能区别几个选项的意思，它们有些相近，
但用法不同：take away：拿去，减去；如：take these books away from
the library(把这几本书从图书馆拿走)；If you take 4 away from 10, that
leaves 6.(如果从10中减去4，就剩下6。)cut out：删去，关闭；如：cut
off the last part of the play(删去此剧的最后一部分)write off：取消(债
款等)，勾销；如：write off a bad debt(注销一笔坏账)；write off 200 pound
for depreciaton因折旧(从帐上)销去两百镑clear up：整理，消除(误会，疑
虑)等；如：Please clear up the mess here。(请整理一下这里的零乱。
)clear up difficulty/misunderstanding(消除难点或误会)从以上各词组的用
法来看，write off 最贴近。全句意为：我很高兴地得知晓老板已经因为我所提供
的服务而慷慨地同意勾销了我的债务。

28.答案为［B］sensation此题有四个近义词，大意都表示意想不到的事。句子
的前后两部分由so that连接，说明前半部分的事实导致了后半部分的结果。用排
除法做，首先可以排除exaggeraton(夸张)，因为前半句已经用了overstate(过度
渲染)，这两词意思相同，在后半句没必要重复。另外过分渲染所带来的后果也不
可能是explosion(爆炸性)，除非是前所未闻。sensation 和 stimulation意思相
近，都表示给人带来刺激。但stimulaton通常泛指任何可带来刺激或兴奋作用的事
，而sensation特指由一个人物或一条新闻所导致的轰动效应，故此题选［B］。

29.答案为［C］carries，难度值为0.17判断此题主要看哪个动词能与其前后的主
语和宾语搭配使用。虽然shoulder和share可以与resposibility连用，但它们的主
语应该是某人或某机构，意为“…承担责任”，在本句中显然不合适。possess与
carry虽然都有“具有”的意思，但possess仅用于possess sth中，而carry可以用
在carry sth with sb/sth结构中，如：I never carry much money with me. (我
身上从不多带钱。)根据原句的结构和意思，应选carry。选［D］项的占考生的
67.92%。全句意为：根据你所说的，我是否可以这样理解：他的新工作本身根本不
要求承担任何责任。

30.答案为［B］ reaction，难度值为0.56在判断这道题时，很明显的线索是介词
to 。在这四个选项中，只有reaction可以与介词to 搭配，意为对…做出反应，而
其它三个都不行，所以可以立即排除。comment与on 搭配意为对…的评论；
impression与of 搭配，意为对…的印象；comprehension与of 搭配，意为对…的
理解，选本项的26.92%。

31.答案为［A］restrain，难度值为57.7%。对此题的判断既可以从词意也可从
搭配着手。首先可以排除的是hinder。它的意思是阻碍，妨碍，与此句意思不符。
prohibit虽然有prohibit sb from doing sth的结构，但它的意思侧重于外部因
素如法律、规章禁止某人做某事，放在此句中也不符，不能说Please prohibit
yourself…(请你自己禁止你……)，因为考生不了解这一点，使30%的考生选了此
项。 restrain 与restrict 都可与oneself from doing sth 搭配，但意思不同。
restrain指控制住自己不去做某事(强调不做)，restrict指对自己的行为进行限制
(强调少做)。从此句意来看应该是restrain。全句意为：请你控制住自己不在公共
场合抽烟、吐痰，因为法规不允许这样做。

32.答案为［A］ practically，难度值为0.06这是四个词形相似，词义不同的选项
。practically：实际上，事实上；preferably：更可取地、宁可(选此项的占64.
71%)；precisely：精确地；presumably：大概，推测起来(选此项的占23.53%)。
此句所表达的是一个与事实相反的假设情况，以此证明现实中一个肯定的事实，即
“假如没有电话，就不可能……”，所以practically最合适。全句意为：如果没
有电话，全国的每一项商业经营活动实际上都无法进行。

33.答案为［D］ in contrast此题要求在几个短语中作出判断：in
proportion to：与…成比例； in reply to：(作为)对…的答复；in relation
to：关于……，涉及……； in contrast to：与……形成对照。根据句子的意思
，前半句表明所估计的金额是1100亿美元，后半句表明总统竭力想要通过国会得到
的金额是1160亿美元。这两个数字之间看来不是成比例的，不是一个对另一个的答
复，也不是涉及到什么，而是两个事实的对此，即估计的金额与总统想得到的金额
之间不同的对比，所以选择 in contrast to。全句意为：预先估计的金额是1100
亿美元，而总统一直竭力想通过国会得到的金额是1600亿美元。

34.答案为［A］expire，难度值为0.13这四个选项除了exceed 以外都有停止，终
止的意思。exceed与expire都有超越的意思，但expire的主要意思是期满或期限的
终止，或是使某东西成为无效。［C］与［D］都表示行为上的终止，但选［C］项
的占70.37%，这是因为好多考生不认识［A］项expire的意思。此句的主语是
passport(护照)，所以选择［A］expire。

35.答案为［B］affectionate，难度值为0.15首先要这分四个词的不同含意：
sentimental：伤感的，多愁善感的(选此项的占62.26%)，affectionate：充满深
情的；intimate：(关系)亲密的；sensitive：敏感的。根据此题前半句的意思：
所有的深海石油钻探者情绪都很高涨，以此推断后半句表明的原因应该是他们收到
的信件是充满深情的，而不是多愁善感或敏感的。intimate主要用来指人与人之间
的关系亲密。所以［B］最合适。

36.答案为［C］reverse

此题是词形相似，意思不同的四项选择。revolt：(不及物)造反，反叛，通常与
against搭配；revolve：(及物)使旋转(选此项的占32.08%)；reverse：(及物)使
倒转，使反向；revive：(及物)使苏醒，使复活。此句中要求用及物动词，所以首
先可以排除［A］。再根据动词后面的宾语trend(趋势)判断，应该选reverse，可
以说倒转趋势，而不能说旋转或复活趋势。本题意为：九十年代早期国际上发生的
几个事件似乎有可能使八十年代出现的趋势逆转，或至少会使其减弱。

37.答案为［A］ arbitrary，难度值为0.16此题要求选择一词，使原句的两部分
的联系符合逻辑。首先看它们的不同意思：arbitrary：任意的；rational：有理
性的；mechanical：机械的；unpredictable：不可预测的(选本项占79.25%)。从
前半句的意思“我对有关要点不甚了解”来看，“我的选择”不可能是rational的
。mechanical一般用于指反复多次的机械性，也可以排除。unpredictable 一般指
对一种结果的预测，而不用来形容已做的“选择”。故选［A］。

38.答案为［C］fluctuate

此题四个选项都有“变化”的意思，但flucfuate 尤其指价格方面的上下起伏变化
。如：The value of Renminbi does not fluctuated。(人民币价值稳定。
)alter指在性质、方向、位置、尺寸、形状上的改变。如：The plane altered
the course。(飞机改变了航线。)convert指在形状或用途上从一方面转向另一方
面。如：The ferry was converted to carry troops during the war。(战时这
条渡船被改为运送军队。)modify指稍微改变以达到改进的目的。如：The
equipment has been modified to suit local requirement.(这台设备已改进以
适应当地的要求。)此题中谈的是蔬菜的价格变化，所以选［C］。

39.答案为［B］ further，难度值0.08判断此题的线索是宾语prospect(前程)。
prospect是指未来的发展方向，通常说“使其前程远大”，所以最合适的词是
further(使进步或发展)。如：to further the cause of peace(推进和平进程)。
reinforce是指力量上的加强，如：reinforce one's opinion(加强某人的观点)，
选本项的占64.15%；spur指刺激或鞭策，如：to spur production(推动生产)；
induce指引起或导致不好的事，如：induce indigestion(引起消化不良)。全句意
为：雇员们如果追求休闲享受肯定不会有很好的晋升前景。

40.答案为［D］ amounts，难度值为0.12首先要知道句中的 a stay of
execusion是一个惯用法，意为延缓。其次再看哪些动词能与介词to 连用，这样排
除了［B］account。apply 和attach与to 连用表示适用和附着，用在句中意思不
通，但有64.51的考生选了［A］项。amount to 指总数达到，相当于，放在句中意
为：在等于是最后一刻的延缓中，委员会宣布紧急基金将能继续维持两颗年代已久
卫星的运转。

Part Ⅱ

完形填空

41.答案为［A］admitted第一段第一句为本段的主题句，定下了此段的大意：长
期以来，大多数历史学家谈及工业革命时都执非常批评的态度。第二句中的They显
然是指历史学家们，在这里他们又说工业革命从长远观点来看提高了人们的生活水
平。这里不能选believed和claimed，因为这两个词都表示对所提的观点坚信和极
力主张，这与主题不符。predicted也不对，因为这里陈述的是已出现的事实，不
需要预测。而admit表示客观上承任一个事实，但并不表示主观上赞同，符合此段
意。

42.答案为［B］average根据上下文推断，这里的“人们”应该指普通人，即大
众；所以选average。plain man 指一般的，简朴的人；mean man指小气的人；
normal man指正常的，没有残疾的人。

43.答案为［D］immediate 此题中的四个形容词用来修饰工业革命带来怎样的结果
，它们的意思不同：momentary results指短暂的结果；prompt和instant
results指迅速带来的结果。可是从后面所给的时间上看却有100年，所以这个
results不是短时迅速产生的，故［A］、［B］、［C］都可以排除。immediate
results指的是直接后果，符合题意。

44.答案为［A］ bulk，难度值0.10the bulk of sth是一个短语，指某事的主要
部分，如：The bulk of the work has already been done。(此项工作的大部分
已经完成)。host 也可表示大量，但短语中是a host of sth,如：He has a
host of friends。(他有许多朋友。) 选本项的占16.36%。gross指总额，通常用
在金额、产量方面，选本项的占12.36%；magnitude通常形容巨大的东西，选本项
的占考生的61.82%。

45.答案为［D］ contrast此题测试的是一个固定短语搭配。By contrast意为对
此比之下。这里用1650年至1750年这工业化以前的一百年间，人们富有繁荣的生活
与1750年至1850年这工业化的一百年间人们遭受的穷困和苦难进行对比。但选［A
］项的占29.09%。46.答案为［D］ completely，难度值为0.16根据第一段最后
一句话的意思，1650年至1750年间工业革命还未发生，所以那时的英国应该完全是
个农业国家。broadly和generally(选本项的占60%)是指大体上的，用来形容那时
的状态不是最合适的。thoroughly与completely在表示“完全地”时，没有什么大
的区别，只是completely用得更为普遍，更为强调广义上的全面性。thoroughly更
常用于具体方面的彻底性。

47.答案为［A］ however第一段中所陈述的观点是大部分历史学家对工业革命执
批评态度，并且他们找出根据来支持自己的观点。第二段的第一句就从另一面说明
他们的观点是错的，所以在这两段之间的连接词应该是转折性的，故选用however
。 meanwhile 和 moreover都表示继承以上的观点，而therefore则表示上下之间
的因果关系，所以这三个都不对。

48.答案为［B］in此题考的是一个固定搭配。与其动词短语specialize in …(
以…为专业，专攻…)一样，specialists也与in 搭配，意为…方面的专家。

49.答案为［C］shown,难度值为0.38这段中提到的历史及经济专家们要想推翻第
一段中所陈述的观点，也必须要提出事实来支持自己的观点。menifest指表明、显
示，它的主语应该是某事(选本项的占39.62%)，如：These newly unearthed
cultural objects menifest the intelligente of the working people of
ancient China。(这些新出土的历史文物显示了古代中国劳动人民的聪明才智。
)approve指批准、赞同。speculate指思索、推测，是个不及物动词，与on 连用。
从搭配和词义上看，以上三个词都不符合，所以应排除。

50.答案为［D］markedmark在此做动词表示以…作为标志或特征。note通常用在
be noted for sth短语中，意为因…而著名。impress指给人留下印象。label用于
给物品贴标签。此句意为：1650年至1750年这段时期是以极为穷困为特征的。

Part Ⅲ阅读理解

第一篇

51.答案为［C］

第一段的第一句与结束句是此段及此文的中心主题。第一句意为：在先进技术所带
来的发明中，几乎没有哪个能象巨型大水坝那样让人产生无边的联想。结束句意为
：一些巨型大坝项目有可能给人类带来危害，而不是造福于人类。四项选择中首先
可以排除是［B］和［C］，因为此段绝不是在谈盲人(the blind)和视觉
(eyesight)问题。选项［C］意为：过于兴奋的人们有可能忽略一些至关重要的事
。这里ouerexcited就是指原文中的fascinated;neglect vital things就是指原文
中的be blinded to see the fact that these dams threaten to do more
harm than good。这样［A］也错了，因为人们并不是高兴对现实视而不见，而是
根本没有看清现实。

52.答案为［D］首先从语法的结构角度判断，the+adj做名词时，就是指这一类
人，如：the rich(富人)，the young(年青人)，the dead(死者)，the
educated(受过教育的人)。另外从hardship for the powerless来看，handship也
应该是人来经受的，所以此题可以排除［A］、［B］、［C］。原句意为：银行已
经这样做了，尽管顾问们认为大坝将会给那里的平民百姓带来痛苦及破坏那里的环
境。

53.答案为［D］此题问的是：有关大坝的神话是什么?第一段的第二句就指出这
种myth的内容，即或许人类因无法控制洪水和干旱而长期遭受其害，以至使强制河
水为我们造福的理想变得如此令人神往。另外第四段的第一句也可以看出，这个
myth就是指controlling the waters，所以答案选［D］。其它三项中的［A］指带
来更肥沃的土地；［B］指有助于保卫国家；［C］指加强国际关系，在文中虽然都
有提及，但都不够形成myth，也是本文作者批评的做法。

54.答案为［C］这四个选项均用了谚语。［A］项为：覆水难收；［B］项为：欲
速则不达；［C］项为：三思而后行；［D］项为：谁笑得最后谁笑得最好。文章的
最后一段表达了作者的观点，大意是：对建大坝所涉及到的种种因素要做适当的科
学研究。水力发电、控制洪水和灌概不一定非建大坝。世界各国应从Aswan大坝的
失败中汲取教训，不要盲目行动。由此看出［C］项最贴切地表达了作者的意图。


第二篇

55.答案为［A］此题问的是：作者认为美国的经济形势如何。从第二段中可以找
到答案。第二段的第一句意为：官方的统计数字不很令人鼓舞。第五句开始提到了
trouble(麻烦，困扰)。第五句大意为：令人感到困扰的是近期增长的部分原因是
因为目前正处于经济周期中的正常反弹阶段，因此不足以证实在这趋势的背后存在
着经济重振的迹象。从以上两句中的两个关键词discouraging和trouble来看，［
A］意思最贴近，即不象表面上那么好。［B］意为：处在转折点上；［C］意为：
比表面上好得多；［D］意为：几乎趋势于完全恢复。后三项都不是作者的观点。

56.答案为［B］

此题需要回答关于生产增长方面的官方统计数字方面的问题。［B］意为：没有达
到企业家们所预期的那样。此题判断的根据在第二段的最后一句。句意是：大幅度
提高生产力的大规模经营作法与官方统计数字所反映出的情景之间没有什么关系。
换言之就是大幅度提高生产力的愿望并没有在官方数据统计中反映出来，因此可以
理解为没有达到预期的效果。［A］意为：排除了经济周期的正常反弹

［C］意为：达到了企业人员的期望

［D］意为：没有反映出国家经济的真实情况

57.答案为［B］

在第一段第二句中作者提出这个问题以后，便在第三句中提出他的怀疑，也就是这
场生产革命是否能带来效果。在第二段中通过数据、对形势的分析，得出的结论并
不乐观，因此他认为这场革命并没有起作用，这与［B］的意思是一致的。［A］意
为：他怀疑不付出便无收获的说法是否真实；［C］意为：他不知是否官方的数据
是否有误导作用；［D］意为：他对经济振兴已有了结论性的证据。这三项均可排
除。

58.答案为［A］

利用排除法可以排除本文提过的内容。［B］在第三段第一句提及；［C］在最后一
段第二句中提及；［D］在最后一段中最后一句中提及。所以只有［A］没有提及。
［A］意为：极端的改革对增加生产至关重要。

第三篇

59.答案为［C］

首先从搭配角度来看，就可以排除［B］与［D］，因为dissatisfaction应与of
sth搭配(对…不满)；contempt应与for 或of sth 搭配(蔑视…)。［A］与［D］都
能与between sth搭配，但从意思上看，confrontation 比separation包含更多些
敌意和对抗。根据第一段中的第一句主题句：科学长期以来一直与文化的其它方面
关系不顺，可以看出此段所要点明的是这两个方面的不一致，因此用separation(
分歧)更为合适。另外动词deepen与separation搭配也更为合适。

60.答案为［D］

第一段的最后一句已经表明了自然科学与人文科学之间的差别在加深。第二段的第
二句又用一个事实表明它们之间的分歧：科学家们已经写了几本书来攻击反科学的
观点。第三段只有一句话，大意为：自然科学的保护者们还通过召集会议来表达他
们的观点。因此这两段的内容与［D］的意思相符合，其它三项被排除。［A］：讨
论科学力量下降的原因，［B］：表明作者对科学家的同情；［C］：解释科学发展
的方法。

61.答案为［A］

从第六段中的第二句中可以判断出［A］是对的。此句意为：但那肯定不是象登载
在去年五月号《美国新闻与世界报道》上的那篇文章所说的那样，认为关心失控了
的工业发展的环境保护主义是反科学的。第五段里表明反科学已与authorities
(politicians)联系起来了，故［B］是错的。但答本项的考生占73.08%。最后一段
表明那些more enlightened 对antiscience 这个词所包含的如此繁杂的内容感到
反感，所以［C］也是错的。从第七段大意看，环境保护主义者不认为自己是
antiscience，而认为真正的科学敌人是那些不相信工业发展所带来的一系列影响
环境事实的人，所以［D］也是错的。

62.答案为［A］

在整个篇章中，作者始终是在客观地从各个角度引用事实来论述问题，没有表明主
观意图，所以是不偏不奇的，故选［A］。［B］意为主观的；［C］意为有偏见的
；［D］为困惑的，这三项都错。

第三篇

63.答案为［B］

首先利用排除法可以排除［A］。［A］中所说的历史上最低的负增长率与原文第三
段第一句是矛盾的。那句话的意思是：总得说来，70年代美国人口增了23200000棗
在数字上是有记录以来十年中人口增长第三高的数字。［C］也不对。［C］意为经
历了空前未有的人口增长，这与刚才原文中第三大(the third largest )的数字有
矛盾。［D］句意为二次大战以来，人口迁移的格局已停止不动了。这与原文第四
段意思不符。第四段意为：二次大战以来，美国人大量向南部与西部迁移，这种格
局现在依然盛行。根据此段可以确定［B］是对的。意思为：经历了人口向西南的
迁移。

64.答案为［C］

［C］意为：它表明美国人对居住空间宽敞的新追求。这与第七段的意思相符，即
：很显然，越来越多的美国人正在寻找的不仅仅是更多的就业机会，而是人口稀少
一些的地方。第九段第一句也有同样的意思：在美国西部边缘，1980年的人口普查
最充分地描绘了美国人对宽敞居住环境的寻求。虽然［A］、［B］、［D］中的内
容原文里也略有提及，但是三句中的三个动词stress(强调)、highlight(重点论述
)和elaborate(详细论述)显然都与原文不符。65.答案为［D］

此题可以直接在第七段所列举的第二个例子中的数据中找到答案：增长率最高的是
Nevada,63.5%，第二位就是Arisona，53.1%。［A］的内容在文中没有提及。［B］
的内容是错的，与第七段中的第二个事实不符，因为在那10个洲里，Florida 与
Texas不在西部。［C］与最后两段的内容不符。倒数第二段大意为：大量的人口已
开始移出California。那里因为大量移民在淘金时代的涌入造成了污染、犯罪和疾
病。

66.答案为［C］

此题判断词意。第七段中demographers 所提出的两个数字统计都是在谈人口问题
，所以他们应该是研究人口问题的科学家，答案选［C］。

第五篇

67.答案为［B］

答案与第二段第三句是一致的。此句大意为：附加的海岸线以及一些似乎跨跃海洋
两边的地理特征可以提醒人们两块大陆曾经是相连的。接下来的一句可以判断［A
］是错的。那句话的后半部分大意为：相对另一板块的移动现象并不能立即说明相
对地球内部的移动。根据第二段的第五句可以判断［C］是错的。根据本文的最一
句话，可以看出［D］的意思正好相反，所以的排除。但选［D］项的占考生的84.
91%。

68.答案为［B］

这个答案可以直接在第二段的第二句中找到。此句的意思在67题已经解释。

69.答案为［D］，难度值为0.12

第三段的中心主要是论述hot spots的重要性，因此是寻找答案的重要线索。根据
此段第四句的最后一部分的意思：于是hot spots导致了新海洋的形成。这与答案
是一致的。选［C］项的考生占81.35%。因为他们没有理解此段最后一句话的意思
。just as …, so …是个句型，意为正如……一样，……也……。那句话的意思
是：正如早期一些理论已经解释了大陆的迁移，hot spots也许也解释了它们的不
稳定性。从这里看解释the mobility of the continents的应该是earlier
theories，而不是hot spots。

70.答案为［C］

找文章的中心通常可以从开头和结尾部分下手。开头往往是主题句，结尾往往是结
论，它们都是文章的中心。从此篇文章看，开头和结尾都落下hot spots上，所以
可以肯定［C］是对的。Part Ⅳ 英译汉

第71题的评分情况：

1.难点分析

1〉很多考生把15 billion译成15亿、150万，这是错误的，应该译成150亿。在97
年的作文中也存在同样的问题。所以，在复习时考生除了大纲规定的语言知识点外
，还要注意语言基本功的训练。

2〉针对it was the farthest … look into the past，如果考生译成下列词语不
给分：最悠久的东西；观测到最远的物体；最遥远的距离；过去的现象是最古老的
；或达到最久远的年代。这句的翻译反映了考生对语法的欠缺。这里that…
look into the past是主语从句，而was the farthest又是形容词性的表语。所以
在翻译时，应该译为“观察到最远的过去。”

3〉考生把pattern译得无花八门。译成下列词语是错的：模式、方式、图案、组成
、模型等。但如果把它译成：形状，形式，形态，样式算是对的。

2.整句译例

1〉但是更重要的是，科学家通过研究发现，它的方式和结构的最久远年代可以追
溯到15亿年以前。(0.5分)

2〉但是即使再重要，这已经是科学家们对过去的所能发现的最远处的了，因为他
们在观察的是在150万年前已存在的模式和结构。(1分)

3〉但更为重要的是，正是这遥远使得科学家们能够研究过去，因为他们所看到的
(天体)正是15亿年以前存在的模式和结构。(1.5分)

4〉但更重要的是，这个巨大的宇宙云团带能使科学家们考察研究过去，因为他们
所见的是15亿年前存在的模式和结构。(2分)

5〉更重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最远的过去，他们看到的是15亿年以
前就已经存在的宇宙结构和模式。(2.5分)

3.本题答案

更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的
是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 

第72题评分情况

1.难点分析

1〉… was virtually required 如果被译成下列词语我们在阅卷时不给分：由…
…提出的；是……的前提；是由于……的原因。本短语应该译为“所必须的。”


2〉dominant译成“绝对的；合理的”是错的，应该译成“占统治地位的”或“占
主导地位的”

3〉Big Bang不能译作“大邦，大磅”等。这一词的翻译充分体现了在翻译中的上
下文翻译原则。在上一段最后一句已经对本词作出了解释，说“Big Bang (the
theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass
of energy)”。所以，根据上下文Big Bang应该译为“大爆炸理论。”

2.整句译例

1〉发现这个大的云带存在，完全是Big Bang的功劳，他在19世纪20年代首次提出
并维持了他在解释宇宙上的统治地位。(0.5分)

2〉这种巨大云层的存在源于大爆炸是在20世纪20年代被首次提出的，并且被用于
关于太空的解释。(1分)

3〉巨云的存在，事实上被认为是单能量物质爆破而产生宇宙的宇宙起源论。它是
在19世纪20年代被再次提出的，从那时起，对于宇宙的解释它一直占主导地位。
(1.5分)4〉巨大的云的存在是Big Bang的实际要求，在二十世纪二十年代最先提出
，保持着对宇宙的占统治地位的解释。(1.5分)

5〉巨星云的存在对大爆炸理论是非常必要的，这个理论最早在20世纪20年提出，
这一存在维持了它作为宇宙产生的权威解释的声誉。(2分)

3.本题答案

巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论
的主导地位所不可缺少的。

第73题评分情况

1.难点分析

1〉把are closing in 译成“密切(注意、关注)”都算错，应译为“越来越近地”
。

2〉把structures译成“结构”算错，可以译成“云系，团状物质”算对。

2.整句译例

1〉在不久的将来，天文学家将报道他们对南极和月球表面结构相似的勘探和研究
结果。(0分)

2〉天体物理学家的在南极研究热气球通过类似方式的收宿情况，并通过地面发射
装置及时汇报成果。(0.5分)

3〉关于南极及其结构考察的天文物理学家正在研究这种结构，不久将公布他们的
结构。(1分)

4〉宇宙物理学家们致力于探究这些结构的研究工作。这些探究是在南极地带的地
面为基地展开的。关于它们的报告不久便能被报道。(1分)

5〉在南极以陆地探测器和热气球装置进行工作的宇宙物理学家正在这样一个结构
构成他们的结论，并且不久将汇报他们的发现成果。(1.5分)

6〉在南极和升空气球仪上作地面观察的天文物理学家们的研究已接近这样的结构
，而不久以后可以公布他们的发现。(1.5分)

7〉宇宙物理学家利用在南极的地面基地探测器和球形的设备工作，并且及时报告
他们发现的成果。(2分)

8〉天文物理学家们在南极利用地面探测器和蜜封在气球中的仪器对这些结构进行
研究，可能很快就有研究成果报导出来。(2分)

9〉天文物理学家在南极用地面固定的探测器工作并用充气的装置在接近这种结构
，不久他们的发现结果就可能发表。(2.5分)

10〉在南极使用地面观测仪及热气球仪器的天体物理学家们，正在靠近种结构，他
们不久就可以公布其发现。(3分)。

3.本题答案

天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许
不久会报告他们的观测结果。 

第74题评分情况

1.难点分析

1〉refinement错误的译法有：修正、精华、最新理论，但译成“改进、提炼、更
全美”是对的。

2〉inflationary universe theory错误的译法有：宇宙流动理论，宇宙飘浮理论
。本短语应该译成“宇宙膨胀理论。”

2.整句译例

1〉如果预料中的小热点能够发现，由大爆炸理论修正而来的宇宙膨胀理论又将成
功证明是另一个关于宇宙起源的科学观点。(0分)

2〉如果从所期望的小的热来看，对于另一种科学观点叫宇宙膨帐理论桞ig Bang理
论的改进，这将是个胜利。(0分)

3〉如果这种“热点”真如所想那样，那些将产生另一种科学理论，就是比格本说
的宇宙是在极短时间内诞生的理论。(0.5分)

4〉如果小热点象预期的那样，那一个科学理论的结晶，比各邦中的一类将使它为
宇宙理论。(1分)

5〉要是这小热点与预料的一样确实存在，那么它也将证明另一个科学构想的正确
?被称作大爆炸理论的精华的膨化的宇宙形成理论。(1.5分)

6〉如果小热点正如所期望的那样，将会是另一种科学观点的胜利，一种“大帮”
理论的最新理论，叫膨帐宇宙理论。(1.5分)

7〉如果那些微小的热点正如我们所期望的那样，那么另一个科学理论 ?作为对“
大爆炸”理论创新的宇宙流动理论也将获誉非浅。(1.5分)

8〉如果小热点看起来和预期的一样，那么这也将是另一种科学观点的胜利，这种
观点叫作宇宙飘(漂)浮“理论”是对“激变”理论的一种改进。(2分)

9〉如果小的热点和预计的一样的话，那么作为大爆炸理论的精华上升的“宇宙大
膨帐”理论则会是真正胜利者。(2分)

10〉如果小热点像所期望的那样，那将是另一科学观点的胜利，即作为大爆炸理论
提烁的宇宙膨帐理论的胜利。(2.5分)

3.本题答案

假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说
即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。

第75题评分情况

1.难点分析

1〉cosmic inflation的错误译法有“宇宙科学、宇宙诞生、宇宙形成，”应该译
成“宇宙膨胀理论。”

2〉plausible consequence的错误译法有“自豪的结果、相应的部分、称道的成果
，”应该译成“可信的结论、受欢迎的推断。”

2.整句译例

1〉增加的观点显示，宇宙膨胀理论是尊重基本粒子物理学的科学而自豪的结果，
许多天文物理学已被确认是真实时代中更好的部分成员。(0分)

2〉尽管听上去很奇怪，宇宙科学是电子物理所对应的一部分，并且许多天文学家
将证实它比较好的部分。(0.5分)

3〉尽管宇宙诞生学说是基础物理的一些相关观点科学的，受欢迎的推断，而且许
多宇宙学家已证实是真实的。(1分)

4〉虽然听起来很奇怪，原始宇宙形成论还是在原子物理上取得了一系列值得称道
的成果，许多天体物理学家已经证明对一个时代的更好的部分，它是正确的。(1.
5分)

5〉它听起来很奇怪，宇宙膨胀学说是基础物理学研究的一个结果，许多天文学家
已经确信它是正确的。(1.5分)

6〉听起来有点古怪，宇宙膨胀是物理上几个基本粒子概念综合到一起而得出的科
学推断，许多天文学家多年来坚信这是正确的。(1.5分)

7〉尽管宇宙精宿理论听起来很奇怪，但这种学说是应用基本粒子物理学相关理论
推测的结果，许多天文物理学家确信这一理论是正确的。(2分)

8〉尽管它听起来古怪，在初级微粒物理学方面，宇宙膨帐也被认为是一些值得研
究的思想体系科学论断的结果，许多天文物理学家已经确信它是最后十年最好的部
分，可以肯定事实。(2.5分)

9〉尽管听起来很奇怪，宇宙膨胀理论仍是基本粒子物理学中一些相关理论的科学
可信的结论，许多天体物理学家确信它是真实的。(3分)

3.本题答案

宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来
可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七、八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。

Part Ⅴ 关于写作的思考

一、关于数字今年对作文字数有新的限制，如果一篇作文在120?50字之间，要扣2
分；如果在90?20字之间，扣4分；少于90字的作文，写得再好，也高不过9分。

二、关于审题审题至关重要，如果没有好的审题，作文写得再好也不会得高分。

本题作文有两个方面：1.图画一只母鸡拿着一张纸，上边写着：“本母鸡承诺：①
本鸡下蛋不见棱见角；②保证有蛋皮，蛋清和蛋黄。” 2. 右边的诗写到：“如此
承诺：各行各业兴承诺，欢迎监督不推托；原本皆为份内事，何须高唱‘文明歌’
。”从给出的信息看，作文的主题是诗的后两行“原本皆为份内事，何须高唱‘文
明歌’。”

但是，今年普遍存在审题不清的现象，如“From this cartoon, I think it
properly reveals the ‘false’ of the promising institution”。这样这篇
作文就写成了关于虚假广告的作文。再者，由于受到某些考研辅导书上句型的限
制，有很大一部分考生顺着预先背下来的句写得跑题。其中有这样一个试卷：开头
写With the development of reform and open to outsideworld, there are
more and more companies. … These companies will make more money…. They
make many advertisements.… But the advertisements are false and are
cheating.这样考生就写跑题了。第二段写：I have seen one of the
advertisements, a hen …。第三段写：公司发展要有承诺，但承诺要useful。如
此等等，这些作文由于审题不好而跑题。在写作文时，我们不赞成背句型、背句子
、背模式。在复习时，我们要掌握句型、句子。写作时，我们要灵活运用。作为整
篇文章，我们强调的是基本功。

三、关于主题从总的情况来看，今年考生作文的主题跑题的较多，这样的主题主要
有1〉批评广告虚假与广告不兑现；2〉承诺与欺骗；3〉不要许诺，把我们的工作
做好；4〉责任，如老师应该教好课等；5〉公司要说真话，否则会在竞争中失败；
6〉假冒伪劣产品。这些都在不同的程度上有跑题现象。

四、关于标题的问题如果考生对主题有把握可以加标题，但如果考生对主题并没有
十分的把握，最好不加标题。没有标题的作文不扣分，但标题不准的作文很容易被
阅卷老师判为跑题。所以在这种情况下有标题不如没有标题。下边是今年考生的一
些标题。

About AD

Acceptance Like This

Hens and Eggs

Here is My Promise

How Guarentee is?

How to Improve the Quality of Service Confirmation

How to Promise

Is Such Promise Good!

No Longer Such Promise

Oh Promise

Promise as This

Resposibility and Good Virtue

Such a Pledge

Such Commitment

Such Promise

The Fools to God

五、关于条理性根据“二”中所述，段落的安排应该先描述图画，再解释诗词，最
后写自己的评论。那么，第一段写cartoon,但不一定是翻译图画；第二段写右边的
诗；第三段写自己对上述情况的看法，点到主题，即“原本皆为份内事，何须高唱
‘文明歌’。”本题也适合夹叙夹议，如有的考生这样写到：“What the hen
said is the thing that it should have done. Why promise?” 因为判卷时
间很短，有的阅卷人员只能对你的作文刘揽一遍，甚致可能会一“描”而过。所以
根据今年的题目，每段开头和末尾词显得很重要。从层次上说，每一段都应有主题
句。如果我们把本篇作文写成两段式，第一段写母鸡的承诺和诗，那么开头应点明
本段主题：From the cartoon we can see that a hen …，而且结尾处应该出现
own duties, should do等之类的词。如果我们把本篇作文写成三段式，我们第一
段写From the cartoon, we can wee a hen…

第二段开头应写：the promise …，结尾应写：promising songs

第三段的开头应当用I think, in my opninion等词。结尾句也很重要，应当用总
结性的句子，但有的结尾句令人可笑：They why should they boast? Stop it!
O.K.?

In fact, if there is no permission, all the thing is end.

六、总评从总的情况来看，整个试卷有三种类型：1)跑题、2)基本切题和3)切题。


跑题分几种情况① 完全跑题，这种现象比较普遍，如把主题写成“广告看起来对
消费者好，能为人民服务”等。还有的写假冒伪劣产品(false and inferior
goods)如下边的第十三篇。②部分跑题，整篇都在说“承诺”，什么铁路、商场、
邮局、饭店、汽车等等的承诺。还有的写各种行业在承诺，光承诺，不做实事等。


但决大部分(站到4/5)考卷存在着不同程度的跑题现象。下边是不同写作类型的得
分情况：(以下作文为考生原作文，得分也为原得分，作者未作改动)

第一篇

Recently, more and more people have seen varieties of promises either
from TV, newspaper or from other media. As is shown in the cartoon, even
a hen has leanred how to promise. We all know that hen's duty is to lay
eggs which should undoutbly consist of most elementary part. But the
hen promises what she should do!(图画点题，夹叙夹议)

With the development of the society and the improvement of people's
living standard, more and more attention should be paid to the
improvement of quality of service. Therefore, many enterprises and
departments promise to better their services so as to meet the
people's need better. They are also pleased to invite people to
supervise what they have done and will do. But much to our surprise,
some of them just say something that they should do. These promises
are only laughted at by people. (解释配诗，又有议论)

In my opinion, doing more is better than proming more. Because people
are willing to be served really. All we should lay more emphasis on what
we do and how we can virtually improve the level of service. Only in
this way can we make people satisfied with what we do. (发表自己的观点)


评语：内容切题，包括图画的全部信息：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化
，句子结构和用词正确，文章长度符合要求。本作文得13分

第二篇

Such A Promise

There is a cartoon with the topic of “Such A Promise” says “
Promises are often make in many business, that we welcome your
supervisement and will not refuse it.”But it's all what they should
do and it's not at all necessary to sing this “song of civilization.”
(这两段写出了“message conveyed by the cartoon”)

Yes, it's ture, There are so many people thinking that it's not their
obligation to do what they should do. They like to sing that “song of
civilization” and pretend they were good to finish their job. But in
fact, it's normal. People should finish their jobs heart and soul.
Nice men do thier job without any vacant promise. They just do their
best. Only such people can improve the development of the country.
They are common. But they are needed, they are useful. 

Those who only can say something and always make vacant comments are not
practical. They just say and not do. They are unfit for the
modernization. They are harmful to our country. And there are so many
such people. So we should have a thorough refermation just as we are
doing now. We should improve our people's virgin and teach them to do
more things than to say. (这两段为评论)

评论：内容切题，包括图画的全部信息：比较清楚地表达其内涵，文字基本连贯；
句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误，文章长度符合要求。本作文得10分
。

第三篇

The carton shows us the messages conveyed. Today, we see messages
conveyed in our life, this like the cartoon picture, the hen's promise,
the hen's egg who are ensured the egg should be all the age things.

From the cartoon, we see this recovered some problem. Some promise
raised in our social. Firstly, some produties and some companies in
order to gain profits, they nelected the peoples's hope and ieads. A
serval proty says produce a large of by profitable. Secondly, some
unit long for advance in some unite and factory, they seledom songs
highly songs, which keep thier majority conditions, this generally
made wrong measure to deal with our goverment, our people. Thirdly, this
observes let's unpleasured and worried. This cheat factors bring up
troulbes in people's life, the people don't know the massages conveyed
is true or not. The messages conveyed is conveyed, or isn't conveyed.

In my opinion that this observes large dangerous our life, the
messages conveyed isn't conveyed, and the messages conveyed bring not
conveyed. My comments that we improve and critics this observes, Our
goverment and our solical must highly deal with this promblem, Our
people must save this wrong action, let messages conveyed truely bring
our life, let our solical have actually improved this problem, In
order to our future.(10分，本题在于结构好，使阅卷老师一不留神就给了高分
。)

第四篇

From this cartoon, I laugh at the hen keep promises that she ought to do
it. Hence, I think that many compnaies keep their promises like this
now. Hens should lay eggs like this instead of keeping this promises.

As Chinese economy is advancing, the commodity become rich. At the
same time a lot of products that are not qualified one sold in market
places. Although those products do great harm to people, the cases are
encouraged by some admistrations because renevues can be gained from
this. People complain this deeply.

As a result, many companies assure people that their products and
services are qulified. Consumers are all puzzled by those cases. Why
do so many companies keep their promises that they should do?

It is true that companies may show their advertisement, but they
should not have done less than what they have promised. Companies should
do their works honestly.(8分)

第五篇

PROMISE

From the cartoon, we can see a hen promises that her eggs are in good
qualities. At first sight, you may busrt into laughing, but do you
realize what's meaning it hints? (cartoon)

At present, promise is popular thoughout all the working areas. Friom
radio, television or all kinds of newspaper, we can easily see one
advertisement with good promise, such as the quality of goods, the
ensurement of reparing, the exchangement, etc. Some sound reasonable,
but some are not necessary. 

Some quality are a part of goods, so if it's no use of promising such
things. And sometime it may gives rise to bad influence on goods. People
may not think the goods are good enough. Make sure good promising is
available!(8分)

缺少①“份内事”和“文明歌”②comments

第六篇

Such Promise

At present, it is popular that all kinds of business and produce both
make promise. All businessmen and producers make promise: it is happy
for consumers' instructment. But, when the promise is produced by
these businessmen and producer's, consumers will find the promise is “
false”. Because the promise is these bussinessmen and producers duty
which shall be. As a hen produce eggs, the hen promised it produce a egg
must be a real egg. Such promise! Is it humor?

All kinds of business and producers promise is popular. Because there
are many bussiness and producers, consumers have rights for selection.
These producers make “false” promise for getting many consumers and
expanding their sales. In my opinion, such promise isn't necessary.
All producers should try their best to enhance their produce quality
is vital. Only this, they can make their produce sale more and get
more consumers. In modern market economy, these producers will be strong
and will defeat other producers. (6分)

第七篇

Nowday, many departments, example shop, band, impose to people the
something what they ought to do. Shops impose that they do not sell
false and bad goods. But they ought ot sell true and good goods. Why
they impose what they ought to do. I think, first many departments do
something that they ought to do.

Example, some shops sell bad and false goods, so few of shop impose that
they do not sell bad and false goods in order to earn more money. Other
shop impose to people too. Second, these departments impose to people
in order to frashion.(5分)

第八篇

Promise

From the cartoon, we see that a hen has a promise about her eggs, we
conclud the the promise is out of it ture implication and promise is
of no use. 

Give the cartoon, I thought that a promise shout have its
reponsibility for the costomber. Like the cartoon discribe, some one
or some companies roast their product and it function no less than
what there producty is. Therefore it leads to the consumer's fail, so we
should plane some politics to prevent this pernomene. First,
reinforce the country offercials work. Second, every company should
reponside for what you have said and do it correctly. The last, every
coustomber should rise his ability to distinguish the promise.

With all describe, we can conclude that every company should sponsible
for his promise and we also should do some to prvend him. (4分)

第九篇

You can see the picture. after the hen lay eggs, what it show is humor.
What it says is her own ability. 

Our country have many people like the hen what he do is his own things,
but he pretend to advise(AD) The people should be critis and we
should forbit it and force he to do good thing.(3分)

第十篇

From the cartoon, we can see that the cook show his promise. But the
promise is that she should do.

A chicken broning egges is his responsibility. But (3分)

第十一篇

With the development of society, and as the markets mechandise is
carried on, many companies and enterprises have greatly involved the
fights of advertisement. They spended lots of money on advertising. This
is a good way to make the firms fames.

But many enterprises advertisement fake the consume, make many people
puzzle of thier products. This damage the advantages of many consumers.


So I think we should punish the enterprises just that the cartoon
reads.

Their says were competely unreasonable and without any essense of
their products' word. (2分)

第十二篇

Quality of Products

Now our society is undergoing a reform from plannned economy to market
oriented economy. It bring us many benefits, including the raising of
the material livings and entertainments. However, with the development
of market economy, some people who do not observe the law take advantage
of the opportunity to make money. 

To some manufacturers, regardless of the quality of products, they
only care for making money. They make all sorts of promises, but
virtually mean nothing. They do not avoid being invested. Like the
drawing in the cartoon, the hen promises that the eggs she lays are
bound to contain the three things all the eggs have.

But whether the eggs can be eaten, it is another thing. Perhaps, they do
not contain nurtrions at all. Thus we see that her promises is not
relianble. 

As to the quality of products, people have a great concern to it.
Inferior products make us suffer not only economally but also
psychologily. When we spend some money but get nothing, we are sure to
be angry. I hope that there are more laws about the quality of
products to protect the consumer. As long as all of us take action,
the quality of products will be improved greatly.(1分)

第十三篇

Quality of products

in order to improve the quality of products made in this country,
quality control will have to be effectively inforced. Many people have
complained about products that don't work, sometimes shortly after
they are bought, bikes that break down, radios that do not work, and
even pens that refuse to write after a few words.Unless the quality of
products is improved, people in our country will tend to buy foerign
made products, we notice that many people prefer Japanese electronic
products (radio, television, ect.) to those made here. It is said that
the foreign made products are sure to be better than those homemade.

Once quality control comes into force, domestic products can gradually
best down the foreign products. As a result, buyers will turn back to
homemade products. the sales of Chinese products within the contary
and even outsidethe century will increase.(0分)

第十四篇

From the carton above, we can see an odd thing. The eggs ?having been
known as round. But his producer has to announce and grarante his
reality. It reflects that between producers and consumers they
distrust each other. 

We live in a material world. Making money has become the most
important thing. Because many symbolizes one's success and ability and
can bring many benefits. So some products make fake production in sake
of earning more money. when consumers buy thesefake production and are
harmed, they don't believe producers no longer. They begin to seek
productions safe and high quantity. Therefore, product, have to
guarantee to consumers.

In fact, in a long run, these cheating do harm to not only consumers,
but also cheaters. In international competitions, quantity is the most
important. High quantity bring good fame, and can bring good profits and
can modify the competition. Above all, it can quarantee your comparison
more and more large.

Distrust can cantagions, so can trust. Honest is one of the most
important virtues. We should keep honest and make the consumption
equality. The government should take actions to regulate market. Laws
should be make to warn fake producers. And our market will be more
stable and prosperity. (0分)

　

第十五篇

Fake and inferior goods

Fake and inferior goods can be seen everywhere. Almost every kind of
goods not only in small shops, but in big department stores or markets,
from daily necessies to industrical material, from soft drinking to
clotheses. It would be fatal for the government to underestimate the
destructive power of it.

Fake and inferior good do lots harm for us. First, it damages not only
the consumers interest, but their health and even their lives. Second
most of fake and inferior good will damage the famous brands. Third more
and more fake and inferior goods makes the consumers hesitate before
choosing goods.

Faced with fake and inferior goods we must take measure. First of all,
helping to consumer improve their recognize. Second helping the consumer
to distinguish fake and inferior good. So we can controlled and
elimited fake and inferior goods. (0分这类作文多的主要原因是受考研班猜
题压题的影响)

最后需要注意的是写作文尽不要在背面写，以免阅卷老师看不见而给0分。今年就
有这样一例。如果写在背面，要在作文纸的第一而注明，“请见下页”字样。



　

　

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我理解苍穹的静默却不明白世人的声音
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※ 来源:·哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn·[FROM: 202.118.247.106]

English 版 (精华区)