Philosophy 版 (精华区)
发信人: Christy (风中的绿叶), 信区: Philosophy
标 题: THE PHILOSOPHY OF SPIRITUAL ACTIVITY--PREFACE
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年11月29日02:09:28 星期四), 站内信件
AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO
THE REVISED EDITION, 1918
Everything discussed in this book centers around two problems which are fund
amental to the human soul-life. One of these problems concerns the possibili
ty of attaining such insight into human nature that knowledge of man can bec
ome the foundation of all human knowledge and experience of life. We often f
eel that our experiences and the results of scientific investigations are no
t self-supporting; further experiences or discoveries may shake our certitud
e. The other problem is: Has man any right to ascribe freedom to his will, o
r is freedom of will an illusion arising out of his inability to recognize t
he threads of necessity on which his will depends, just like a process in na
ture? This question is not artificially created. In a certain disposition it
arises quite spontaneously in the human soul. And one feels that the soul l
acks in stature if it has not at some time faced in deep seriousness the que
stion of free will or necessity. In this book the intention is to show that
the inner experiences caused by the second problem depend upon what attitude
man is able to take toward the first problem. The attempt will be made to s
how that it is possible to attain such an insight into man's nature, that th
is can support all the rest of his knowledge, and further that this insight
completely justifies the concept of freedom of will, provided only that firs
t the region of soul is discovered where free will can unfold.
This insight in relation to the two problems is such that, once attained, it
can become a living content of man's soul life. A theoretical answer will n
ot be given which, once acquired is merely carried about as a conviction, re
tained by memory. For the whole manner of thinking on which this book is bas
ed, such an answer would be no answer. Such a finished, limited answer will
not be given, but a region of experiences within the human soul will be poin
ted to, where, through the soul's own inner activity, living answers to the
questions are to be found ever anew and at every moment when man needs them.
Once the region of soul is discovered where these questions unfold, a real
insight into this region provides man with what he needs for the solution of
these two problems of life so that, with what he has then attained, he can
penetrate further into the breadth and depth of life's riddles, as need or d
estiny leads him. - It will be seen that a knowledge has here been outlined,
which proves its justification and validity, not only through its own exist
ence, but also through the relationship it has with the entire soul-life of
man. These were my thoughts about the content of this book when I wrote it t
wenty-five years ago. Today, again I must write similarly if I am to charact
erize the aim of this book. In the first edition I limited myself to saying
no more than was in the strictest sense connected with the two fundamental p
roblems described above. If anyone should be surprised at not finding in thi
s book as yet, any reference to that region of the world of spiritual experi
ence described in my later writings, then he must consider that at that time
it was not my purpose to describe results of spiritual research, but first
to lay the foundation on which such results can rest. This "Philosophy of Fr
eedom" does not contain any special results of this kind, any more than it c
ontains special results of the natural sciences. But what it contains cannot
, in my view, be dispensed with by anyone who strives for certainty in such
knowledge. What I have said in this book can also be acceptable to many who,
for reasons of their own, will have nothing to do with the results of my sp
iritual scientific research. But one who can regard these results of spiritu
al scientific research as something to which he is drawn, will recognize as
important what is attempted here. It is this: to prove that an open-minded c
onsideration of just the two problems I have indicated, problems which are f
undamental to all knowledge, leads to recognition of the fact that man is li
ving within the reality of a spiritual world. In this book the attempt is ma
de to justify knowledge of the realm of spirit before entering upon spiritua
l experience. And this justification is undertaken in such a way that, for a
nyone able and willing to enter into this discussion, there is no need, in o
rder to accept what is said here, to cast furtive glances at the experiences
which my later writings have shown to be relevant.
Thus it seems to me that, on the one hand, this book occupies a position com
pletely independent of my writings on actual spiritual scientific matters, a
nd yet, on the other hand, it is also most intimately connected with them. A
ll this has caused me now, after twenty-five years, to republish the content
of this book practically unaltered in all essentials. I have, however, made
additions of some length to several chapters. The misunderstandings of my a
rgument which have come to my attention seemed to make these detailed extens
ions necessary. Alterations have been made only where what I said a quarter
of a century ago appeared to me clumsily expressed. (Only ill-will could fin
d in these changes occasion to suggest that I have changed my fundamental co
nviction.)
The book has been out of print for many years. Nevertheless, and in spite of
the fact, apparent from what I have just said, that to me it seems that to-
day must be similarly expressed what I did express twenty-five years ago abo
ut the problems I have characterized, I hesitated a long time about the comp
letion of this revised edition. Again and again I have asked myself whether
at this point or that, I ought not to define my position toward the numerous
philosophical views which have been put forward since the publication of th
e first edition. Yet the heavy demands on my time in recent years, due to pu
rely spiritual scientific research, prevented me doing as I might have wishe
d. Also, a survey, as thorough as possible, of the philosophical literature
of the present day has convinced me that such a critical discussion, temptin
g though it would be in itself, has no place in the context of what this boo
k has to say. All that, from the point of view of the "Philosophy of Spiritu
al Activity," it seemed to me necessary to say about recent philosophical te
ndencies, may be found in the second volume of my "Riddles of Philosophy."
April 1918 RUDOLF STEINER
--
朝华易逝残月已无痕,
锁眉略展路旁待旧人。
飘飘零落不由他乡去,
尘凡晓破方知何为真。
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