Philosophy 版 (精华区)
发信人: Christy (风中的绿叶), 信区: Philosophy
标 题: Practical Conclusion X
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年11月29日23:20:12 星期四), 站内信件
Truth and Knowledge
Practical Conclusion
The aim of the preceding discussion has been to throw light on the relations
hip between our cognizing personality and the objective world. What does the
possession of knowledge and science mean for us? This was the question to w
hich we sought the answer.
Our discussion has shown that the innermost core of the world comes to expre
ssion in our knowledge. The harmony of laws ruling throughout the universe s
hines forth in human cognition.
It is part of man's task to bring into the sphere of apparent reality the fu
ndamental laws of the universe which, although they rule all existence, woul
d never come to existence as such. The very nature of knowledge is that the
world-foundation, which is not to be found as such in objective reality, is
present in it. Our knowledge, pictorially expressed, is a gradual, living pe
netration into the world's foundation.
A conviction such as this must also necessarily throw light upon our compreh
ension of practical life.
Our moral ideals determine the whole character of our conduct in life. Our m
oral ideals are ideas which we have of our task in life, in other words, the
ideas we form of what we should bring about through our deeds.
Our action is part of the universal world-process. It is therefore also subj
ect to the general laws of that world-process.
Whenever something takes place in the universe, two things must be distingui
shed: the external course the event follows in space and time, and the inner
law ruling it.
To recognize this law in the sphere of human conduct is simply a special ins
tance of cognition. This means that the insight we have gained concerning th
e nature of knowledge must be applicable here also. To know oneself to be at
one with one's deeds means to possess, as knowledge, the moral concepts and
ideals that correspond to the deeds. If we recognize these laws, then our d
eeds are also our own creations. In such instances the laws are not somethin
g given, that is, they are not outside the object in which the activity appe
ars; they are the content of the object itself, engaged in living activity.
The object in this case is our own I. If the I has really penetrated its dee
d with full insight, in conformity with its nature, then it also feels itsel
f to be master. As long as this is not the case, the laws ruling the deed co
nfront us as something foreign, they rule us; what we do is done under the c
ompulsion they exert over us. If they are transformed from being a foreign e
ntity into a deed completely originating within our own I, then the compulsi
on ceases. That which compelled us, has become our own being. The laws no lo
nger rule over us; in us they rule over the deed issuing from our I. To carr
y out a deed under the influence of a law external to the person who brings
the deed to realization, is a deed done in unfreedom. To carry out a deed ru
led by a law that lies within the one who brings it about, is a deed done in
freedom. To recognize the laws of one's deeds, means to become conscious of
one's own freedom. Thus the process of knowledge is the process of developm
ent toward freedom.
Not all our deeds have this character. Often we do not possess knowledge of
the laws governing our deeds. Such deeds form a part of our activity which i
s unfree. In contrast, there is that other part where we make ourselves comp
letely at one with the laws. This is the free sphere. Only insofar as man is
able to live in this sphere, can he be called moral. To transform the first
sphere of our activity into one that has the character of the second is the
task of every individual's development, as well as the task of mankind as a
whole.
The most important problem of all human thinking is: to understand man as a
free personality, whose very foundation is himself.
--
朝华易逝残月已无痕,
锁眉略展路旁待旧人。
飘飘零落不由他乡去,
尘凡晓破方知何为真。
※ 来源:·哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn·[FROM: 天外飞仙]
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