Photography 版 (精华区)
发信人: cdd (平上), 信区: Photography
标 题: 美国《大众摄影》关于CONTAX N1的测试报告
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年06月28日16:29:14 星期四), 站内信件
文章很长,由于不懂许多摄影的专业术语,加之本人的英文水平有限,希望有兴趣的大
侠翻一下。
有的问题是明确的:1、N1的对角速度与N和C比还有一定差距;2、5个对角点中,中间一
点为十字的,其他为线型,但对水平或垂直的线条的敏感性相同。不是西老文章中猜测
的全部是线形。3、快门释放延时1/10秒;其他如曝光的准确性等,均比较优秀。
Contax N1 TEST REPORTS
FEATURES AT A GLANCE
Camera: Contax N1 35mm autofocus single-lens reflex with Contax N bayonet le
ns mount. Suggested list price: $1600. Street price: $1,299. Lenses used: 24
-85mm f3.5-4.5 T* Zeiss Vario-Sonnar ($1,200; street) and 70-300mm f/4-5.6 T
* Zeiss Vario-Sonnar ($1,500).
Focusing and viewing: AF and manual focus. Five CCDsensor AF system with cen
tral cross-field. Outer line sensors on diagonals, are equally sensitive to
horizontal and/or vertical subject lines. Focus-priority in single-frame AF;
release-priority in continuous AF. Focus button toggles to AF in manual-foc
us mode, and locks focus in AF mode. Active AF sensor is automatically or ma
nually selectable with thumb-operated joy stick mechanism. AF sensors may be
selected individually or grouped to weight AF to top, bottom, left or right
of viewfinder screen. AF sensitivity range: EV 0-18. Autofocus bracketing;
patterned AF-assist beam to 16.4 ft. Focus confirmation in manual focus mode
. Multi-mode depth-of-field preview. Fixed eye-level pentaprism; user-interc
hangeable focusing screens; eyepiece shutter. Finder shows 89.6% of on-film
image area or 0.71X magnification. Adjustable diopter eyepiece.
Shutter and exposure control: Electronically controlled, vertical-travel mul
tiblade focal-plane shutter with speeds 32-1/8000 sec plus Bulb. Shiftable p
rogram, aperture and shutter-priority, plus metered manual. Exposure compens
ation to ±3 EV in 1/2 or 1/3 step increments. AE bracketing to ±1 EV in 1/
3, 1/2 and 1-step increments. Multiple exposures; AE lock; 2- or 10-sec canc
elable self-timer with LED countdown; optional wired, electronic remote rele
ase.
Metering and range: Silicon photo cell reads 5-segment evaluative, center-we
ighted or 3-mm spot patterns. Range: EV 0-21 for evaluative and centerweight
ed readings; EV 3-21 for the spotmetering range (ISO 100; f/1.4 lens).
Loading and winding: Autoloading and advance to 3.5 fps, with auto- or manua
lly-engaged motorized rewind with normal or silent modes; mid-roll rewind.
Flash synchronization: Five pin hotshoe for Contax TLA (or compatible) flash
units. Provides full TTL dedication, including automatic fill flash, second
-curtain sync and more. Flash sync up to 1/250 sec.
Power source: One 6-volt 2CR5 lithium cell.
TEST REPORTS 01
Have Carl Zeiss lenses and an innovative AF system turned Contax s new autof
ocusing 35mm SLR into a star?
Quick Guide to What s Important
First 35mm SLR to accept Carl Zeiss autofocusing lenses
Five-point AF system with center cross sensor and outer sensors on diagonal
lines
Active AF sensor manually selectable with unique joy stick control
First AF SLR to offer autofocus bracketing
Twenty Custom Functions
Body made of new crack-resistant carbon-fiber reinforced nylon
Unique optional remote LCD viewfinder
Accepts Contax 645 AF lenses with optional adapter
Not compatible with Carl Zeiss MM-mount manual focus lenses
The year was 1982, and the place was the massive international photo trade s
how held biannually in Cologne, Germany. Behind closed doors, the editors of
this magazine were treated to a glimpse of the future: a prototype 35mm SLR
that, with a small, high-torque, relatively quiet motor in its housing, cou
ld automatically focus the image. Clearly, a revolution was in the wings. Th
e camera, dubbed the "137 AF," predated the first mass-produced autofocus SL
Rs by three years and wasn t made by Minolta, Canon, or Nikon, the three cam
era makers that have since made major reputations with autofocus pro-level 3
5mm SLRs. That first, fully operational 35mm autofocus SLR was a Contax. Now
, nearly 20 years later, Contax is finally bringing a 35mm auto-focus SLR an
d lenses to market. Why the delay, and was the Contax N1 worth the wait? Let
s see.
There s a two-word answer to the first question: Carl Zeiss. The great Germa
n optics maker, and traditional Contax lens supplier, caused the delay. The
problem? The relatively loose tolerances that Zeiss felt was needed by other
manufacturers for such an autofocus system would lack the precision require
d to carry the Zeiss name. Not to be left out of the autofocus party, Contax
, in a bout of engineering brilliance, went to the unusual extreme of design
ing the Contax AX, a 35mm SLR that autofocuses using manual-focus Zeiss lens
es. How? By shifting the film plane!
In the ensuing years, internal-focusing lens designs, higher-torque, lens-ho
used focusing motors, and space-age lubricants have all contributed to makin
g Zeiss precision and autofocus lenses compatible. Seven AF lenses for the C
ontax 645 AF were introduced in 1999 and produced highly successful test ben
ch results. Now Carl Zeiss has brought forth four 35mm AF lenses in a unique
N mount, and Kyocera, maker of the Contax, after 20 years of champing at th
e bit, has finally unveiled the first true successor to the 137 AF, the Cont
ax N1. Yes, we had seen and handled a preproduction N1 and reported on it, b
ut now we have a pristine, full-production camera ready for testing.
Removing the N1 from its box, and bayoneting on the Zeiss 24-85mm f/3.5-4.5
Vario Sonnar (the 50mm f/1.4 Planar wasn t available for testing), our first
impression was that Contax had apparently set out to make the best 35mm AF
SLR possible—regardless of size and weight. The N1 (like its Contax stable
mates, the AX and RTS III) is a brute. Heavier than even the Contax 645 AF (
28 vs. 22 ounces, body only), the N1 has an aluminum-alloy mirror box and a
carbon fiber-impregnated nylon body that, unlike most polycarbonate bodies,
is claimed to be unbreakable if crushed, for example, by a 350-pound NFL lin
eman. (Ordinary fiberglass-impregnated polycarbonate bodies have been known
to crack and break in similar circumstances.) The N1 stands 4 5/8 inches hig
h, easily among the tallest AF SLRs without a motordrive booster. With our t
est zoom attached, the package comes to 3 1/8 pounds, comparable to some 645
medium-format rigs. Your hands tell you that physically the N1 will probabl
y last a lifetime.
TEST REPORTS 02
AF Assist beam: It tested far better than Contax specs indicate. Good to mor
e than 30 feet. Operates only when central or all five AF targets are select
ed.
It s a beautiful thing. With smooth matte surfaces, clean muscular lines, an
d exquisitely formed (and joined) parts, the N1 exemplifies the highest desi
gn and manufacturing standards. Despite its heft, the camera sits comfortabl
y in the hands, with excellent balance, a well-formed grip, and convenient b
ack-side thumb groove. This groove, together with the camera s wall-to-wall
external rubber coating, provides enough purchase that we could confidently
tote the N1 with one hand, without fear of its slipping from our grasp. Dust
- and moisture-resistant O-rings and gaskets surround its dials, levers, and
buttons.
The finder image is of average brightness, but pleasingly contrasty—due, in
part, to the solid glass pentaprism whose mirrored surfaces are said to be
specially manufactured to reduce flare. Finder readouts line the bottom of t
he viewing field; they are bright and easily legible. Commendably, Contax us
es separate analog metering scales in 1/3- and 1/2-stop increments, dependin
g on how you ve set Custom Functions—much preferable to systems that attemp
t to display 1/3-stop increments on scales designed for 1/2 stops.
The N1 s overall control layout is uncluttered, logical, and similar to that
of the RTS III, with AE modes and shutter speeds set on the top left (a lev
er and dial, respectively). Also RTS III-like in positioning: the exposure c
ompensation (±2 stops in 1/2 or 1/3 EV increments), autobracketing (±1/3,
1/2, or 1 stop), drive controls, and the system on/off, which is concentric
with the large, contoured shutter-release button. The postage-stamp-sized, t
op-deck LCD panel is small by today s standards, but over twice the size of
the Contax AX or RTS III panels. Its readouts (backlit for an ample 20 secon
ds, upon demand) are legible and logically presented.
The N1 s shutter is pleasingly quiet, and the reflex mirror s action produce
s a muffled, satisfying "thunk." The ultrasonic motors in the Zeiss lenses p
urr softly. (There are no other words for it.) The N1 s film advance is some
what loud, producing a short, high-pitched whine between frames that is espe
cially shrill during film take-up. The two rewind modes, normal and slow (si
lent), are also somewhat loud by today s standards, though not objectionably
so. With auto take-up, advance, and multimode rewind, the film advance syst
em provides a top framing rate of 3.5 fps, with no special booster required.
Not bad.
Before loading the camera with film, we explored the AF system and were impr
essed with the quiet assurance with which it snaps the viewfinder into sharp
focus. The autofocus system is actually quite innovative, much more so than
Contax s promotional literature indicates. As with many AF systems today, i
t starts with ultrasonic AF motors located in each lens, that are driven by
a CCD-based, phase-detection system in the camera body. Only the 100mm f/2.8
Zeiss Makro-Planar uses an older, non-ultrasonic (and presumably louder) mo
tor.
TEST REPORTS 03
The gang s all here: The first four Carl Zeiss T* AF lenses ever for a 35mm
camera system include the (mounted) 24-85mm f/3.5-4.5 Vario-Sonnar, and (clo
ckwise from foreground) the 50mm f/1.4 Planar, 100mm f/2.8 Makro-Planar, and
the 70-300mm f/4-5.6 Vario-Sonnar. Also shown here, Contax s still-not-avai
lable remote LCD viewfinder. It displays the finder image with no need for y
ou to peer through the finder eyepiece. Nice!
The N1 autofocus system uses a central cross-shaped sensor flanked by four o
uter single-line sensors that are positioned to form the four corners of an
almost square shape (and not a more conventional oval or rectangle). The sen
sors operate with lenses having a maximum aperture of f/5.6 or greater.
The N1 s design positions the four outer single-line sensors diagonally. Thu
s AF sensitivity is equally suited to snagging horizontal and/or vertical li
nes. More and more 35mm AF SLR makers are coming to this solution. Sitting a
t our desks and scanning the office, as we often do with a new camera, we fo
und that the N1 s outer linear sensors did lock onto both horizontal and ver
tical low-contrast lines that typically defeat the single-line sensors of ot
her AF SLRs.
Kudos to Contax for centralizing all AF controls on the camera back within c
onvenient striking distance of the user s right thumb. One such control is t
he unique focus frame selector—a stubby joystick surrounded by a concentric
lever. Nudging the joystick moves AF sensitivity around the four corners of
the AF box. For the center spot, you press the joystick directly in. We jud
ge it to be among the most convenient methods for manually selecting an AF p
oint.
Another unique N1 AF option: The ability to weight AF sensitivity to the lef
t, right, top, or bottom of the frame by linking the appropriate sensors. Yo
u shift the weighting by tweaking the collar switch that s concentric to the
joystick. This multipurpose lever also engages the five-target autoselect m
ode in which the camera picks an AF sensor, usually the sensor corresponding
to whatever subject element is closest. Finally, the lever can also be used
to lock in the current AF sensor selection.
Yet another camera-back AF control is the thumb-operated "focus button" and
surrounding AF mode selector switch. The switch sets each of the available f
ocusing options—single, continuous, manual focus, and the N1 s unique focus
-bracketing mode. You use the central focus button to quickly shift from man
ual to autofocus, a useful and, we think, unique feature. In the AF mode, th
e focus button serves as a convenient focus lock.
The N1 provides a choice between knobs or dials. You can, for example, set s
hutter speeds by turning the large, knurled top-side shutter-speed dial. The
dial is conventionally shaped, but not conventionally positioned. Unlike si
milar shutter-speed knobs on other brands, it s on the top of the camera, si
milarly positioned to those on the Contax RTS III and other Contax SLRs. Som
e of our testers have questioned the knob s position, because changing shutt
er speeds forces you to remove your left hand from a supporting position bel
ow camera and lens. Contax, however, provides a solution with the N1: You ca
n transfer shutter speed selection to the right-side command dial, which is
immediately beside the shutter release under your right forefinger. With the
N1 so configured, you can easily change shutter speeds while your left hand
continues to support the camera and lens with the camera at eye level. The
same, by the way, is true for exposure compensation. You can compensate expo
sure with the large, top-side, knurled knob or by a quick forefinger flick o
f the command dial. Your choice.
TEST REPORTS 04
Multiple exposures, too. You set up to nine multiple exposures by simultaneo
usly pressing the Drive and Light buttons.
The N1 s AE system has the standard meter patterns, exposure modes, and over
rides. The five zones of the segmented meter correspond in position to the f
ive AF sensors, but, somewhat surprisingly, N1 metering operates independent
ly of the AF system. Contax commendably locates the exposure overrides (i.e.
exposure compensation and bracketing) around the same dial, although an unu
sual amount of top-deck real estate seems to be dedicated to exposure compen
sation, with its large, clearly labeled knob. A maximum bracket of a single
stop (up or down) is a bit stingy compared to most advanced 35mm SLRs today,
which provide bracketing of two or three stops (in both directions). Otherw
ise, AE controls are easily engaged, well marked, and logically positioned a
round the camera body. Several, like the exposure check button, are unique t
o Contax; they re described in more detail below.
For the the results of our field testing, let s start, uncharacteristically,
with the N1 optical system. Traditionally, one of the compelling reasons to
opt into the Contax system has been its famously sharp Carl Zeiss T* lenses
. Four Carl Zeiss AF lenses were introduced with the N1: two Vario-Sonnars,
the 24-85mm f/3.5-4.5 and 70-300mm f/4-5.6, a 50mm f/1.4 Planar, and a 100mm
f/2.8 Makro-Planar. Like the N1 itself, theses lenses are large. At almost
21 ounces, for example, the 24-85mm weighs a third more than a typical f/3.5
-4.5 zoom in this focal-length range.
Only the two zooms were available at test time. The lenses are in short supp
ly, according to Contax, because Zeiss production tolerances are unusually h
igh: About seven out of ten AF lenses fail initial quality-control tests and
are returned to the production line. To expand optical options, at least fo
r Contax 645 users, Contax offers the NAM-1 lensmount adapter. With it, you
can mount any of the seven Zeiss AF T* lenses made for the Contax 645—fully
coupled with AF and AE systems. We tried the 645 s 80mm f/2 Planar on the N
1 and found it surprisingly convenient, satisfactorily sharp, and only a smi
dgen larger than the 35mm normal lens! (Our hope? That Zeiss could also desi
gn an N1 adapter that will accept the MM-mount manual focus lenses, even wit
hout meter coupling.)
Top-notch AF
The lenses focusing motors delivered excellent AF speeds. The N1 had no trou
ble swiftly locking onto typical subjects, even in low light. The N1 s centr
al cross sensor performed particularly well. It locked onto a difficult, low
-contrast test target in dim light. More than half the AF systems we ve exam
ined failed this test (as did The N1 s outer sensors).
The N1 s patterned, conventionally positioned red-light focus-assist beam, w
hich Contax claims works to almost 17 feet, operated for us in a totally dar
k room at distances upward of 30 feet.
We heartily endorse the joystick solution for selecting AF points, and we ho
pe that other camera makers pick up the idea. A nudge is all it takes to cir
cumnavigate the five AF hot spots. We also laud the focus button. It falls d
irectly under your right thumb and provides the ability to toggle on the fly
between manual and autofocus. It s particularly useful in situations where
objects move between you and a more distant subject. Problematic, however, w
as the collar switch around the joystick. We found the switch turned too eas
ily to its locking position. More than once during our tests we pushed fruit
lessly on the AF joystick, trying to change AF sensitivity, only to discover
that we had inadvertently locked in an AF sensor.
The N1 s AF system performed admirably with moving subjects, following swift
ly gliding ice-skaters around a rink with a 90 percent success rate, even on
a heavily overcast day. As with most AF systems that use illuminated AF tar
gets in the finder, the N1 s can be hard to see in bright light. We apprecia
ted the Contax backstop: The active AF sensor is also indicated on the exter
nal LCD panel, where it s easily legible in bright or dim light.
TEST REPORTS 05
A handful! Although tank-like, the N1 is designed for gripability and balanc
e. Important controls can be easily operated with the camera at eye level.
Promising in theory, but questionable in practice, the N1 s unique autofocus
bracketing feature makes three pictures, bracketing focus around your subje
ct. The first picture autofocuses the subject as precisely as possible. The
second refocuses the subject at a slightly closer distance, but still within
the depth-of-field zone. The third shot refocuses the subject at a distance
slightly farther than the optimum focus point. In each case, the subject sh
ould be sharp. (With Custom Function 8, you can double the shift in focus.)
To prove the usefulness of the feature, we set up multiple test situations—
alas, to little or no avail. Shooting at a variety of apertures, with fore-,
middle-, and background objects close together or far apart, where a differ
ence could be perceived, it was deemed inconsequential. Our guess? This feat
ure is a hand-holding gesture for users who require absolute sharpness—unne
cessary in our estimation, because you would be hard pressed to find a soft
subject among our dozens of test rolls.
On-target exposure
The N1 exposure system produced an overwhelmingly large percentage of correc
tly exposed images on slide and print film. We feel, however, that linking m
etering and the AF system would be an improvement. The camera s ability to w
eight AF sensitivity to the top, bottom, left, or right of the screen is, in
certain situations, very useful. It would be even more so, if metering coul
d follow suit.
We liked Contax s unique exposure check button on the right front of the cam
era body. It let us take meter readings independently of the shutter release
and was especially useful for making meter readings with gloved fingers. Ev
en better, the exposure check also doubles as a backup AE lock (via Custom F
unction 3). We found it much more easily operable with the camera at eye lev
el than the N1 s standard AE lock, a rather stiff collar switch surrounding
the shutter release. Through Custom Function 2, the AE lock can also be enga
ged with a half-press of the shutter release.
Internal and external LCD data readouts were clear and helpful. The analog e
xposure scale in the viewfinder displays different info, depending on the me
ter mode. At first it can be confusing, but once you know what you re lookin
g at, the applications are obvious. In the evaluative meter mode, for exampl
e, the sliding scale displays the difference between the evaluative reading
and a centerweighted reading. If the two readings diverge, it s an excellent
signal that spot metering or exposure bracketing may be required. Other sca
le readouts include the difference between exposure compensated and recommen
ded exposures, plus the difference between manually set and meter-recommende
d exposures.
Flash pictures were also excellent from our test unit, the fully dedicated,
five-pin Contax TLA 360, which, among other abilities, swivels, tilts, and d
isplays flash-exposure confirmation in the finder. The N1 s centerweighted T
TL flash metering cell performed well with all subjects, except for those lo
cated toward the edge of the frame. Here, the pictures were overexposed (rel
ative to a competitor s 35mm flash system) in portraits made at night agains
t a dark background. However, daytime fill-flash exposures made in very diff
icult, strong backlit situations at the N1 s speedy 1/250 top sync speed wer
e dead-on accurate.
Closing thoughts
What photographer will be most happy with the Contax N1? For starters, anyon
e who demands the absolute peak of image sharpness. Our two test zooms produ
ced impeccably sharp test slides. Also, the gadget-oriented will probably cr
ave Contax s unique FE-LCD remote viewfinder ($675, list). Unavailable for o
ur test, it s a 330,000-pixel CMOS sensor that reads the viewfinder image an
d displays it remotely on a 1.5-inch LCD screen. This inventive device lets
you see your image without peering through the finder. Moreover, its output
reflects exposure adjustments made via exposure compensation and the AE lock
. For black-and-white shooters, its display can also be switched between col
or and monochrome. Cool!
So was the Contax N1 worth the eighteen-year wait? For the strong of wrist a
nd deep of pocket, the answer is a resounding yes! Stay tuned for, by the wa
y, for the as-yet-unnamed digital Contax SLR, a rumored 6 Megapixel model th
at will share body styling, lenses and accessories with the N1.
TEST RESULTS FROM OUR LAB
AF Assist beam: It tested far better than Contax specs indicate. Good to mor
e than 30 feet. Operates only when central or all five AF targets are select
ed.
Viewfinder: Focusing screen was of average brightness, but very contrasty. V
iewfinder magnification, listed at 0.73X, was tested at 0.71X. Screen image
show 89.6 percent of picture area, a very good result, but significantly bel
ow the claimed 95 percent. There was no detectable parallax error.
Autofocus and time lag: Autofocus speeds (tested without AF assist light) fr
om EV 12 to EV 5 were clocked at approximately 2/3 to almost 3/4 sec, an ave
rage-to-above average performance. From EV 4 to EV 1, AF time measured nearl
y 3/4 to 1 sec, in the good to very good range. Results were the same for hi
gh- and low-contrast test targets at all light levels except EV1 where AF sp
eed measured 2 sec, about average. The AF assist light engages at EV 4 and l
ower light levels. Shutter lag time between pressing the release and the shu
tter opening was a very short 1/10 sec.
Shutter Speeds: All were extremely accurate. From 2 to 1/2000 sec, there wer
e no errors detected. At 1/4000 and 1/8000 sec, we found less than 1/15 stop
underexposure, an excellent performance.
Exposure accuracy: Since no segmented metering modes, including the Contax s
5-zone evaluative meter, are measurable with our laboratory equipment, expo
sure tests were limited to centerweighted and spot meter modes from EV 4 to
EV 17.
In program, aperture- and shutter-priority AE modes, exposures were extremel
y accurate with overexposure within 1/10 stop. In the manual-exposure mode,
exposures were very accurate, with 1/10 stop over/underexposure from EV4 to
EV 7, and 1/4 stop overexposure from EV 8 to EV 17.
Sound test: Noise levels for both single frame and continuous advance modes
were in the very quiet range (64.8 dB average; 84.9 dB peak). Rewinding rang
ed from slightly noisy (76.5 dB) to average (71.4 dB) for the normal and qui
et rewind modes respectively. Lens focusing motors were too quiet for our in
strument to measure.
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