Rockroll 版 (精华区)

发信人: perfect (叶枫), 信区: Rockroll
标  题: 12种摇滚类型
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Fri Sep 17 12:19:34 1999), 转信


12种摇滚类型

                音乐类型----摇滚乐篇 

                      1、酸 性 摇 滚 (acid rock) — 即 迷 幻 摇 滚 ， 盛 行 于
 60 年 代 中 、 后 期 ， 
                      是 嬉 皮 士 运 动 的 产 物 之 一 。 其 音 乐 特 色 是 震
 耳 欲 聋 的 强 烈 节 
                      奏 、 尖 厉 响 亮 的 电 吉 它 单 人 或 双 人 演 奏 。 不
 同 于 重 金 属 摇 滚 
                      ， 迷 幻 摇 滚 没 有 一 定 的 曲 式 ， 即 兴 演 奏 的 成
 分 较 多 ， 其 无 旋 
                      律 的 音 调 变 化 多 端 ， 常 常 富 有 精 彩 华 妙 的 表
 现 。 “ 酸 性 ” 
                      (acid) 一 词 是 迷 幻 剂 LSD 的 俚 语 代 名 词 ， 酸 性 
摇 滚 因 为 具 有 狂 热 
                      的 迷 幻 音 乐 特 点 ， 故 有 其 名 。 代 表 乐 手 、 乐
 队 有 ： Jimmy 
                      Hendrex、 Jefferson Airplane、 the Doors、 the Greatful 
Dead 等 。 这 些 组 合 及 
                      其 歌 迷 都 蓄 长 发 、 着 彩 色 鲜 艳 的 服 装 ， 持 有
 反 世 俗 的 态 度 ， 
                      这 种 外 在 表 现 与 音 乐 一 样 重 要 。 

                      2、 非 主 流 摇 滚 (alternative rock) — 一 种 摇 滚 音 
乐 形 式 。 是 80 年 代 前 
                      期 和 中 期 ， “ 摇 滚 团 体 ” 与 “ 重 金 属 ” 停 滞
 不 前 后 发 展 而 成 
                      。 具 有 更 充 满 能 量 且 独 有 特 色 的 声 音 ， 不 强
 调 音 乐 的 外 在 表 
                      现 而 强 调 离 奇 的 音 乐 独 创 性 。 如 本 届 葛 兰 美
 的 最 佳 非 主 流 音 
                      乐 奖 获 得 者 是 Radiohead 。 

                      3、 经 典 摇 滚 (classic rock) — 流 行 音 乐 的 一 种 
流 派 。 主 要 指 那 些 60 
                      年 后 期 、 70 年 代 和 80 年 代 早 期 为 大 家 所 熟 悉
 的 ， 主 流 摇 滚 明 
                      星 的 音 乐 。 象 Beatles、 Rolling Stone 等 。 

                      4、 民 谣 摇 滚 (folk rock) — 基 于 民 歌 的 结 构 和 
                      4、 民 谣 摇 滚 (folk rock) — 基 于 民 歌 的 结 构 和 
主 题 ， 适 于 民 谣 乐 器 
                      和 技 术 演 奏 改 编 的 摇 滚 音 乐 。 这 种 音 乐 集 中
 体 现 于 Bob Dylan 的 
                      作 品 ， Bob 在 民 谣 音 乐 中 采 用 了 电 吉 它 、 鼓 
、 键 盘 等 乐 器 ， 形 
                      成 了 独 特 的 风 格 ， 他 的 音 乐 在 60 年 代 初 期 受
 到 民 谣 纯 化 论 者 
                      的 强 烈 抨 击 。 另 一 著 名 民 谣 摇 滚 团 体 是 The 
Byrds 。 它 受 Beatles 
                      活 泼 的 流 行 作 品 影 响 ， 对 早 期 民 谣 和 蓝 草 音
 乐 进 行 了 改 造 而 
                      独 树 一 帜 。 

                      5、 车 库 音 乐 (garage) — 是 一 种 由 因 为 寻 求 乐 
趣 而 组 建 ， 未 经 过 
                      专 门 训 练 的 乐 队 所 演 奏 的 摇 滚 乐 。 这 种 音 乐
 往 往 缺 少 旋 律 和 
                      完 美 的 配 合 ， 因 为 常 常 在 家 中 的 车 库 里 排 练
 并 且 器 材 破 旧 而 
                      得 名 。 但 此 类 音 乐 由 于 初 衷 简 单 而 具 有 难 能
 可 贵 的 纯 粹 和 生 
                      活 体 验 的 真 切 。 车 库 音 乐 的 发 展 也 形 成 过 一
种 刻 意 反 对 高 保 
                      真 制 作 的 LOW-FI ( 低 保 真 ) 趋 势 。 

                      6、Grunge—90 年 代 初 起 源 于 西 雅 图 的 一 种 有 影 
响 力 的 摇 滚 音 乐 
                      。 

                      它 与 此 前 十 年 之 内 制 作 考 究 、 与 MTV 相 互 依 
赖 的 、 商 业 的 流 
                      行 音 乐 截 然 相 反 ， 注 重 表 现 音 乐 的 外 在 和 技
 术 的 精 炼 ， 热 衷 
                      于 表 现 痛 处 、 愤 怒 和 热 情 ， 歌 曲 往 往 与 悲 观
 主 义 和 年 青 一 代 
                      的 焦 躁 心 情 结 合 。 Pearl Jam 和 Nirvana 是 最 具 影
 响 力 的 两 支 Grunge 
                      乐 队 ， 这 种 音 乐 的 兴 起 所 带 来 的 影 响 已 涉 及
 到 摇 滚 乐 的 各 个 
                      领 域 。 

                      7、 重 金 属 乐 (heavy metal) — 属 硬 摇 滚 范 畴 ， 其
 特 色 是 咄 咄 逼 人 的 
                      吉 它 演 奏 、 震 耳 欲 聋 的 鼓 声 、 大 到 极 限 的 音
 量 和 鲜 艳 怪 异 的 
                      服 装 。 重 金 属 摇 滚 代 表 了 年 轻 人 的 生 活 哲 学
 和 思 维 方 式 ， 因 
                      为 它 反 映 了 年 轻 一 代 的 困 惑 、 忧 虑 和 挫 折 。
 重 金 属 的 起 源 可 
                      推 至 Rolling Stone 乐 队 ， Led Zepplin 使 其 正 式 成 
型 。 重 金 属 摇 滚 至 
                      今 仍 无 太 大 的 变 化 ， 但 它 始 终 拥 有 大 量 的 歌
 迷 ， 90 年 代 中 仍 
                      有 不 断 壮 大 的 趋 势 。 1989 年 第 31 届 葛 兰 美 音 
乐 奖 将 其 列 入 评 奖 
                      范 围 ， 因 而 把 重 金 属 乐 正 式 纳 入 主 流 音 乐 行
 列 。 80 年 代 风 靡 
                      乐 坛 的 重 金 属 组 合 有： Def Lepard、 Van Helan、 
Guns N Roses、 
                      Metallica、 Bon Jovi等。 

                      8、 Hip-hop — 某 些 时 侯 ， 它 被 作 为 rap 的 同 义 
词 。 这 是 个 宽 泛 的 
                      概 念 ， 基 本 上 代 表 了 80、 90 年 代 美 国 都 市 青 
年 的 亚 文 化 ， 包 括 
                      社 会 、 时 尚 、 音 乐 、 舞 曲 等 。 说 唱 乐 、 霹 雳
舞 、 涂 鸦 艺 术 、 
                      有 DJ 的 音 乐 俱 乐 部 和 运 动 服饰 都 是 hip-hop 的 
表 现 。 它 所 代 表 的 
                      音 乐 往 往 是 缺 少 深 刻 的 意 义 与 使 命 感， 而 一 
贯 跟 随 时 尚 风 潮 
                      的 流 行 曲 ， 象 曾 经 红 过 一 阵 的 Kris Kross 。 

                      9、 工 业 之 声 (industrial music) — 它 的 特 征 是 异 
化 、 紧 张 的 主 题 和 
                      嗡 嗡 作 响 的 节 奏 。 工 业 之 声 的 乐 队 往 往 用 滤
 波 器 把 声 音 处 理 
                      成 怪 诞 而 虚 幻 的 音 色 。 The Revolting Cocks, 
KMFDM, Foetus 和 Nine Inch 
                      Nails 是 80 和 90 年 代 最 著 名 的 工 业 之 声 乐 队 。
 

                      10、 朋 克 摇 滚 (punk rock) — 70 年 代 中 后 期 盛 行 
的 一 种 流 行 音 乐 流 
                      派 也 是 著 名 的 音 乐 运 动 。 其 主 旨 有 二 ： 反 对
 富 足 的 中 产 阶 级 
                      和 上 流 社 会 及 反 对 当 时 的 主 流 摇 滚 形 式 和 商
 业的 作 法 。 朋 克 
                     乐 的 著 名 乐 队 是 英 国 的 Sex Pistols 。 它 以 攻 击
 性 的 演 出、 令 人 讨 
                      厌 的 舞 台 行 为、 钉 型 的 发 型 、 撕 破 的 衣 服 、 
满 口 的 脏 话和 政 
                      治 上 不 稳 定 的 歌 曲 为 最 明 显 的 特 征 。 对 朋 克
 乐 队 而 言 ， 精 神 
                      和 坚 信 常 常 比 音 乐 技 能 来 得 更 为 重 要 。 在 当
 时 ， 乐 坛 自 鸣 得 
                      意 的 倾 向 威 胁 到 音 乐 素 质 的 下 降 ， 朋 克 运 动
 的 兴 起 一 定 程 度 
                      地 振 兴 了 摇 滚 乐 。 实 质 上 朋 克 乐 也 并 非 象 一
 贯 评 论 所 述 的 那 
                      样 无 旋 律 可 言 ， 很 多 精 彩 的 作 品 对 后 来 者 产
 生 了 相 当 大 的 影 
                      响 。  

                      11、 Rockabilly — 一 种 摇 滚 乐 和 乡 村 乐 结 合 而 
成 的 热 门 音 乐 ， 是 
                      早 期 摇 滚 乐 的 类 型 之 一 。 起 源 于 美 国 南 方 ，
 往 往 采 用 自 然 乐 
                      器 代 替 电 子 乐 器 ， 其 风 格 类 似 于 摇 滚 和 节 奏
 布 鲁 斯 。 Elvis 
                     Presley , Carl Perkins 和 Roy Orbison 的 50 年 代 中 后 
期 音 乐 大 多 属 于 此 类 
                      。 

                      12、 海 浪 音 乐 (surf music) — 60 年 代 早 期 的 南 加
 利 弗 尼 亚 摇 滚 乐 。 
                      主 要 内 容 是 抒 发 对 太 阳 、 沙 滩 、 海 浪 、 汽 车
 和 女 孩 的 喜 爱 。 
                      The Beach Boys 一 手 创 造 了 这 种 美 国 独 有 的 音 乐
 流 派 。 它 采 用 基 
                      本 的 摇 滚 乐 歌 曲 结 构 虚 幻 地 表 达 了 简 单 的 意
 图 。 在 更 深 的 层 
                      次 上 讲 ， 这 种 音 乐 也 代 表 了 美 国 梦 。  

--
                  
                              
                          
      山一程，水一程，身向榆关那畔行，夜深千帐灯。

              风一更，雪一更，刮碎乡心梦不成，故园无此声。                  

※ 来源:．紫 丁 香 bbs.hit.edu.cn．[FROM: hit-cim3.hit.edu]