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标 题: 科幻元素周期表:氮(氮:一篇简介)
发信站: 饮水思源 (Fri Apr 4 02:23:56 2003)
转信站: HIT!news.neu.edu.cn!SJTU
科幻元素周期表——007氮(N,Nitrogen,14.0067)
氮:一篇简介
Michael Swanwick原著/SCIFI.COM连载/armrow编译
氮是一种无色、无嗅、无味的气体元素。它既不燃烧也不助燃。虽然它确实能与氧
和一些活泼金属结合,但相对而言它是惰性的。它是氨水、硝酸、氨基酸和许多肥料、
染料及炸药的组成部分。
粗略地估算,地球大气的五分之四是氮气。它的缓慢影响远比氧更有作用,这才使
得生命有可能出现在这颗行星上。它也在所有活着的事物中出现,主要是存在于蛋白质
中,也许因此它会被认为是生命的本质。固氮是让空气中的自由氮与其它元素结合,再
通过萃取而得到的,当然也可以通过化学方法,或者通过细菌作用得到。细菌媒介物称
作氮固剂,是在豆科植物的根结中发现的,例如苜蓿、碗豆和大豆。
固氮有许多商业用途。其中包括生产氨水的氰胺处理,生产硝酸的电弧处理,以及
哈勃处理,哈勃处理是指氨水通过氮氧直接化合物合成。
在新泽西州的特伦顿市,一家名为“精灵与侏儒”的联合工厂在每晚的生产中都使
用大量的氮。这个名字从何而来呢。
2003年3月20日于太一斋
--------------------
7
N
Nitrogen
14.0067
Nitrogen: An Introduction
Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gaseous element. It neither
burns nor supports combustion. It is relatively inactive, though it does
combine with oxygen and some active metals. It is a constituent of ammonia,
nitric acid, amino acids, and many fertilizers, dyes, and explosives.
Roughly four-fifths of Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen. Its moderating
effect on the far more reactive oxygen is what makes life possible on this
planet. It is present in all living matter, chiefly in proteins, and may
therefore be considered essential to life. Nitrogen fixation is the process
of extracting free nitrogen from the air by combining it with other
elements, either by chemical means or by bacterial action. Bacterial
agents, called nitrogen fixers, are found in the nodules of leguminous
plants, such as alfalfa, peas, and soybeans.
There are many commercial means of nitrogen fixation. These include the
cyanamid process for producing ammonia, the arc process for nitric acid,
and the Haber process, in which ammonia is synthesized through direct
combination of nitrogen and hydrogen.
Elves and gnomes, working out of a factory complex in Trenton, New Jersey,
employ vast quantities of nitrogen in the daily generation of night. Whence
the name.
The End
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