SFworld 版 (精华区)
发信人: by (春天的小懒虫), 信区: SFworld
标 题: 2010 (3)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Wed Oct 6 14:29:44 1999), 转信
3
SAL 9000
Dr Sivasubramanian Chandrasegarampillai, Professor of
Computer Science at the University of Illinois, Urbana,
also had an abiding sense of guilt, but one very different
from Heywood Floyd's. Those of his students and col-
leagues who often wondered if the little scientist was quite
human would not have been surprised to learn that he never
thought of the dead astronauts. Dr Chandra grieved only
for his lost child, HAL9000.
Even after all these years, and his endless reviews of the
data radioed back from Discovery, he was not sure what had
gone wrong. He could only formulate theories; the facts he
needed were frozen in Hal's circuits, out there between
Jupiter and Io.
The sequence of events had been clearly established, up to
the moment of the tragedy; thereafter, Commander
Bowman had filled in a few more details on the brief occa-
sions when he had re-established contact. But knowing what
happened did not explain why.
The first hint of trouble had been late in the mission,
when Hal had reported the imminent failure of the unit that
kept Discovery's main antenna aligned to Earth. If the half-
billion-kilometre-long radio beam wandered off target, the
ship would be blind, deaf, and dumb.
Bowman himself had gone out to retrieve the suspect
unit, but when it was tested it appeared, to everyone's
surprise, to be in perfectly good order. The automatic
checking circuits could find nothing wrong with it. Nor
could Hal's twin, SAL 9000, back on Earth, when the
information was transmitted to Urbana.
But Hal had insisted on the accuracy of his diagnosis,
making pointed remarks about 'human error'. He had sug-
gested that the control unit be put back in the antenna until it
finally failed, so that the fault could be precisely located. No
one could think of any objection, for the unit could be
replaced in minutes, even if it did break down.
Bowman and Poole, however, had not been happy; they
both felt that something was wrong, though neither could
pinpoint it. For months they had accepted Hal as the third
member of their tiny world, and knew his every mood.
Then the atmosphere aboard the ship had subtly altered;
there was a sense of strain in the air.
Feeling rather like traitors -- as a distraught Bowman had
later reported to Mission Control -- the human two-thirds of
the crew had discussed what should be done if their col-
league was indeed malfunctioning. In the worst possible
case, Hal would have to be relieved of all his higher respon-
sibilities. This would involve disconnection -- the computer
equivalent of death.
Despite their doubts, they had carried out the agreed
programme. Poole had flown out of Discovery in one of the
little space pods that served as transporters and mobile
workshops during extravehicular activities. Since the some-
what tricky job of replacing the antenna unit could not be
performed by the pod's own manipulators, Poole had
started to do it himself.
What happened then had been missed by the external
cameras, which was a suspicious detail in itself. Bowman's
first warning of disaster was a cry from Poole -- then,
silence. A moment later he saw Poole, tumbling over and
over, spinning away into space. His own pod had rammed
him, and was itself blasting away out of control.
As Bowman admitted later, he had then made several
serious mistakes -- all but one excusable. In the hope of
rescuing Poole, if he was still alive, Bowman launched
himself in another space pod -- leaving Hal in full control of
the ship.
The EVA was in vain; Poole was dead when Bowman
reached him. Numb with despair, he had carried the body
back to the ship -- only to be refused entry by Hal.
But Hal had underestimated human ingenuity and deter-
mination. Though he had left his suit helmet in the ship, and
thus had to risk direct exposure to space, Bowman forced
his way in by an emergency hatch not under computer
control. Then he proceeded to lobotomize Hal, unplugging
his brain modules one by one.
When he regained control of the ship, Bowman made an
appalling discovery. During his absence, Hal had switched
off the life-support systems of the three hibernating astro-
nauts. Bowman was alone, as no man had ever been before
in the whole of human history.
Others might have abandoned themselves in helpless de-
spair, but now David Bowman proved that those who had
selected him had indeed chosen well. He managed to keep
Discovery operational, and even re-established intermittent
contact with Mission Control, by orienting the whole ship
so that the jammed antenna pointed toward Earth.
On its preordained trajectory, Discovery had finally
arrived at Jupiter. There Bowman had encountered, orbiting
among the moons of the giant planet, a black slab of exactly
the same shape as the monolith excavated in the lunar crater
Tycho -- but hundreds of times larger. He had gone out in a
space pod to investigate, and had disappeared leaving that
final, baffling message: 'My God, it's full of stars!'
That mystery was for others to worry about; Dr
Chandra's overwhelming concern was with Hal. If there was
one thing his unemotional mind hated, it was uncertainty. He
would never be satisfied until he knew the cause of Hal's
behaviour. Even now, he refused to call it a malfunction; at
most, it was an 'anomaly'.
The tiny cubbyhole he used as his inner sanctum was
equipped only with a swivel chair, a desk console, and a
blackboard flanked by two photographs. Few members of
the general public could have identified the portraits, but
anyone permitted thus far would have recognized them
instantly as John von Neumann and Alan Turing, the twin
gods of the computing pantheon.
There were no books, and not even paper and pencil on
the desk. All the volumes in all the libraries of the world
were instantly available at the touch of Chandra's fingers,
and the visual display was his sketchbook and writing pad.
Even the blackboard was used only for visitors; the last
half-erased block diagram upon it bore a date already three
weeks in the past.
Dr Chandra lit one of the venomous cheroots which he
imported from Madras, and which were widely -- and cor-
rectly -- believed to be his only vice. The console was never
switched off; he checked that no messages were flashing
importantly on the display, then spoke into the micro-
phone.
'Good morning, Sal. So you've nothing new for me?'
'No, Dr Chandra. Have you anything for me?'
The voice might have been that of any cultured Hindu
lady educated' in the United States as well as her own
country. Sal's accent had not started that way, but over the
years she had picked up many of Chandra's intonations.
The scientist tapped out a code on the board, switching
Sal's inputs to the memory with the highest security rating.
No one knew that he talked to the computer on this circuit
as he never could to a human being. No matter that Sal did
not really understand more than a fraction of what he said;
her responses were so convincing that even her creator was
sometimes deceived. As indeed he wished to be: these secret
communications helped to preserve his mental equilibrium
-- perhaps even his sanity.
'You've often told me, Sal, that we cannot solve the
problem of Hal's anomalous behaviour without more in-
formation. But how can we get that information?'
'That is obvious. Someone must return to Discovery.'
'Exactly. Now it looks as if that is going to happen,
sooner than we expected.'
'I am pleased to hear that.'
'I knew that you would be,' answered Chandra, and
meant it. He had long since broken off communications
with the dwindling body of philosophers who argued that
computers could not really feel emotions, but only
pretended to do so.
('If you can prove to me that you're not pretending to be
annoyed,' he had once retorted scornfully to one such critic,
'I'll take you seriously.' At that point, his opponent had put
on a most convincing imitation of anger.)
'Now I want to explore another possibility,' Chandra
continued. 'Diagnosis is only the first step. The process is
incomplete unless it leads to a cure.'
'You believe that Hal can be restored to normal function-
ing?''
'I hope so. I do not know. There may have been
irreversible damage, and certainly major loss of memory.'
He paused thoughtfully, took several puffs, then blew a
skilful smoke ring that scored a bull's-eye on Sal's wide-
angle lens. A human being would not have regarded this as a
friendly gesture; that was yet another of the many advan-
tages of computers.
'I need your cooperation, Sal.'
'Of course, Dr Chandra.'
'There may be certain risks.'
'What do you mean?'
'I propose to disconnect some of your circuits, particular-
ly those involving your higher functions. Does this disturb
you?'
'I am unable to answer that without more specific in-
formation.'
'Very well. Let me put it this way. You have operated
continuously, have you not, since you were first switched
on?'
'That is correct.'
'But you are aware that we human beings cannot do so.
We require sleep -- an almost complete break in our mental
functioning, at least on the conscious level.'
'I know this. But I do not understand it.'
'Well, you may be about to experience something like
sleep. Probably all that will happen is that time will pass,
but you will be unaware of it. When you check your internal
clock, you will discover that there are gaps in your monitor
record. That is all.'
'But you said that there might be risks. What are they?'
'There is a very slight chance -- it is impossible to compute
it --- that when I reconnect your circuits, there may be some
changes in your personality, your future behaviour pat-
terns. You may feel different. Not necessarily better, or
worse.'
'I do not know what that means.'
'I'm sorry -- it may not mean anything. So don't worry
about it. Now please open a new file --- here is the name.'
Using the keyboard input, Chandra typed out: PHOENIX.
'Do you know what that is?' he asked Sal.
With no discernible pause the computer replied: 'There
are twenty-five references in the current encyclopedia.'
'Which one do you think is relevant?'
'The tutor of Achilles?'
'Interesting. I didn't know that one. Try again.'
'A fabulous bird, reborn from the ashes of its earlier life.'
'Excellent. Now do you understand why I chose it?'
'Because you hope that Hal can be reactivated.'
'Yes -- with your assistance. Are you ready?'
'Not yet. I would like to ask a question.'
'What is it?'
'Will I dream?'
'Of course you will. All intelligent creatures dream -- but
no one knows why.' Chandra paused for a moment, blew
another smoke ring from the cheroot, and added something
that he would never admit to a human being. 'Perhaps you
will dream about Hal --- as I often do.'
--
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