SFworld 版 (精华区)
发信人: champaign (原野), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Under the sea 1
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Thu Oct 21 21:18:43 1999), 转信
发信人: Mojun (寻找mili的mickey), 信区: SFworld
标 题: Under the sea 1
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Wed Feb 25 15:17:06 1998)
1873
TWENTY THOUSAND LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA
by Jules Verne
PART I.
CHAPTER I.
A SHIFTING REEF.
THE year 1866 was signalized by a remarkable incident, a
mysterious and inexplicable phenomenon, which doubtless no one has yet
forgotten. Not to mention rumors which agitated the maritime
population, and excited the public mind, even in the interior of
continents, seafaring men were particularly excited. Merchants, common
sailors, captains of vessels, skippers, both of Europe and America,
naval officers of all countries, and the Governments of several states
on the two continents, were deeply interested in the matter.
For some time past, vessels had been met by "an enormous thing," a
long object, spindle-shaped, occasionally phosphorescent, and
infinitely larger and more rapid in its movements than a whale.
The facts relating to this apparition (entered in various log
books) agreed in most respects as to the shape of the object or
creature in question, the untiring rapidity of its movements, its
surprising power of locomotion, and the peculiar life with which it
seemed endowed. If it was a cetacean, it surpassed in size all those
hitherto classified in science. Taking into consideration the mean
of observations made at divers times- rejecting the timid estimate
of those who assigned to this object a length of two hundred feet,
equally with the exaggerated opinions which set it down as a mile in
width and three in length- we might fairly conclude that this
mysterious being surpassed greatly all dimensions admitted by the
ichthyologists of the day, if it existed at all. And that it did exist
was an undeniable fact; and, with that tendency which disposes the
human mind in favor of the marvelous, we can understand the excitement
produced in the entire world by this supernatural apparition. As to
classing it in the list of fables, the idea was out of the question.
July 20, 1866, the steamer Governor Higginson, of the Calcutta and
Burnach Steam Navigation Company, had met this moving mass five
miles off the east coast of Australia. Captain Baker thought at
first that he was in the presence of an unknown sand bank; he even
prepared to determine its exact position, when two columns of water,
projected by the inexplicable object, shot with a hissing noise a
hundred fifty feet up into the air. Now, unless the sand bank had been
submitted to the intermittent eruption of a geyser, the Governor
Higginson had to do neither more nor less than with an aquatic mammal,
unknown till then, which threw up from its blowholes columns of
water mixed with air and vapor.
Similar facts were observed on July 23 in the same year, in the
Pacific Ocean, by the Columbus, of the West India and Pacific Steam
Navigation Company. But this extraordinary cetaceous creature could
transport itself from one place to another with surprising velocity;
as, in an interval of three days, the Governor Higginson and the
Columbus had observed it at two different points of the chart,
separated by a distance of more than seven hundred nautical leagues.
Fifteen days later, two thousand miles farther off, the
Helvetia, of the Compagnie-Nationale, and the Shannon, of the Royal
Mail Steamship Company, sailing to windward in that portion of the
Atlantic lying between the United States and Europe, respectively
signaled the monster to each other in 42 degrees 15' N. latitude and
60 degrees 35' W. longitude. In these simultaneous observations,
they thought themselves justified in estimating the minimum length
of the mammal at more than three hundred fifty feet, as the Shannon
and Helvetia were of smaller dimensions than it, though they
measured three hundred feet over all.
Now the largest whales, those which frequent those parts of the
sea round the Aleutian, Kulammak, and Umgullich islands, have never
exceeded the length of sixty yards, if they attain that.
These reports arriving one after the other, with fresh
observations made on board the transatlantic ship Pereira, a collision
which occurred between the Etna of the Inman line and the monster, a
proces verbal directed by the officers of the French frigate
Normandie, a very accurate survey made by the staff of Commodore
Fitz-James on board the Lord Clyde, greatly influenced public opinion.
Light thinking people jested upon the phenomenon, but grave
practical countries, such as England, America, and Germany, treated
the matter more seriously.
In every place of great resort the monster was the fashion. They
sang of it in the cafes, ridiculed it in the papers, and represented
it on the stage. All kinds of stories were circulated regarding it.
There appeared in the papers caricatures of every gigantic and
imaginary creature, from the white whale, the terrible "Moby Dick"
of hyperborean regions, to the immense kraken whose tentacles could
entangle a ship of five hundred tons, and hurry it into the abyss of
the ocean. The legends of ancient times were even resuscitated, and
the opinions of Aristotle and Pliny revived, who admitted the
existence of these monsters, as well as the Norwegian tales of
Bishop Pontoppidan, the accounts of Paul Heggede, and, last of all,
the reports of Mr. Harrington (whose good faith no one could suspect),
who affirmed that, being on board the Castillan, in 1857, he had
seen this enormous serpent, which had never until that time frequented
any other seas but those of the ancient Constitutionel.
Then burst forth the interminable controversy between the
credulous and the incredulous in the societies of savants and
scientific journals. "The question of the monster" inflamed all minds.
Editors of scientific journals, quarreling with believers in the
supernatural, spilled seas of ink during this memorable campaign, some
even drawing blood; for, from the sea serpent, they came to direct
personalities.
For six months war was waged with various fortune in the leading
articles of the Geographical Institution of Brazil, the Royal
Academy of Science of Berlin, the British Association, the Smithsonian
Institution of Washington, in the discussions of the "Indian
Archipelago," in le Cosmos of the Abbe Moigno, in the Mitteilungen
of Petermann, in the scientific chronicles of the great journals of
France and other countries. The cheaper journals replied keenly and
with inexhaustible zest. These satirical writers parodied a remark
of Linnaeus, quoted by the adversaries of the monster, maintaining
"that nature did not make fools," and adjured their contemporaries not
to give the lie to nature, by admitting the existence of krakens,
sea serpents, "Moby Dicks," and other lucubrations of delirious
sailors. At length an article in a well-known satirical journal by a
favorite contributor, the chief of the staff, settled the monster,
like Hippolytus, giving it the death blow amidst a universal burst
of laughter. Wit had conquered science.
During the first months of the year 1867, the question seemed
buried never to revive, when new facts were brought before the public.
It was then no longer a scientific problem to be solved, but a real
danger seriously to be avoided. The question took quite another shape.
The monster became a small island, a rock, a reef, but a reef of
indefinite and shifting proportions.
On March 5, 1867, the Moravian, of the Montreal Ocean Company,
finding herself during the night in 27 degrees 30' latitude and 72
degrees 15' longitude, struck on her starboard quarter a rock,
marked in no chart for that part of the sea. Under the combined
efforts of the wind and its four hundred horse power, it was going
at the rate of thirteen knots. Had it not been for the superior
strength of the hull of the Moravian, she would have been broken by
the shock, and gone down with the 237 passengers she was bringing home
from Canada.
The accident happened about five o'clock in the morning, as the
day was breaking. The officers of the quarterdeck hurried to the after
part of the vessel. They examined the sea with the most scrupulous
attention. They saw nothing but a strong eddy about three cables'
length distant, as if the surface had been violently agitated. The
bearings of the place were taken exactly, and the Moravian continued
its route without apparent damage. Had it struck on a submerged
rock, or on an enormous wreck? They could not tell; but on examination
of the ship's bottom when undergoing repairs, it was found that part
of her keel was broken.
This fact, so grave in itself, might perhaps have been forgotten
like many others, if, three weeks after, it had not been reenacted
under similar circumstances. But, thanks to the nationality of the
victim of the shock, thanks to the reputation of the company to
which the vessel belonged, the circumstance became extensively
circulated.
April 13, 1867, the sea being beautiful, the breeze favorable, the
Scotia of the Cunard Company's line found herself in 15 degrees 12'
longitude and 45 degrees 37' latitude. She was going at the speed of
thirteen and a half knots.
At seventeen minutes past four in the afternoon, while the
passengers were assembled at lunch in the great saloon, a slight shock
was felt on the hull of the Scotia, on her quarter, a little aft of
the port paddle.
The Scotia had not struck, but she had been struck, and
seemingly by something rather sharp and penetrating than blunt. The
shock had been so slight that no one had been alarmed, had it not been
for the shouts of the carpenter's watch, who rushed on to the
bridge, exclaiming, "We are sinking! we are sinking!" At first the
passengers were much frightened, but Captain Anderson hastened to
reassure them. The danger could not be imminent. The Scotia, divided
into seven compartments by strong partitions, could brave with
impunity any leak. Captain Anderson went down immediately into the
hold. He found that the sea was pouring into the fifth compartment;
and the rapidity of the influx proved that the force of the water
was considerable. Fortunately this compartment did not hold the
boilers, or the fires would have been immediately extinguished.
Captain Anderson ordered the engines to be stopped at once, and one of
the men went down to ascertain the extent of the injury. Some
minutes afterwards they discovered the existence of a large hole of
two yards in diameter, in the ship's bottom. Such, a leak could not be
stopped; and the Scotia, her paddles half submerged, was obliged to
continue her course. She was then three hundred miles from Cape Clear,
and after three days' delay, which caused great uneasiness in
Liverpool, she entered the basin of the company.
The engineers visited the Scotia, which was put in dry dock.
They could scarcely believe it possible; at two yards and a half below
watermark was a regular rent, in the form of an isosceles triangle.
The broken place in the iron plates was so perfectly defined, that
it could not have been more neatly done by a punch. It was clear,
then, that the instrument producing the perforation was not of a
common stamp; and after having been driven with prodigious strength,
and piercing an iron plate 1 3/8 inches thick, had withdrawn itself by
a retrograde motion truly inexplicable.
Such was the last fact, which resulted in exciting once more
the torrent of public opinion. From this moment all unlucky
casualties which could not be otherwise accounted for were put down to
the monster.
Upon this imaginary creature rested the responsibility of all
these shipwrecks, which unfortunately were considerable; for of
three thousand ships whose loss was annually recorded at Lloyds, the
number of sailing and steam ships supposed to be totally lost, from
the absence of an news, amounted to not less than two hundred!
Now, it was the "monster" who, justly or unjustly, was accused
of their disappearance, and, thanks to it, communication between the
different continents became more and more dangerous. The public
demanded peremptorily that the seas should at any price be relieved
from this formidable cetacean.
--
我这样爱你到底对不对,
这问题问得我自己好累。
我宁愿流泪,也不愿意后悔
可是我最后注定还是要心碎
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