Aero 版 (精华区)
发信人: dxmxqe (婴儿※祝福亚亚), 信区: Aero
标 题: 歼-12轻型战斗机
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Tue Aug 10 19:03:38 2004), 站内
发信人: aresyoung (xiaoyu), 信区: Military
标 题: 歼-12轻型战斗机
发信站: 一塌糊涂 BBS (Tue Aug 10 13:58:58 2004), 本站(ytht.net)
歼-12轻型战斗机
中武论坛
http://www.zgjunshi.com/power/UploadFiles/20047922211734.jpg
J-12 fighter is the first jet fighter designed and produced all by
Chinese technology itself. It is also the first fighter of China not
following the design of USSR, which grounds the basic of China jet
fighter developing projects. But J-12 never entered the service
because of its own death-wound.
歼-12轻型战斗机是我国第一种完全依靠本国技术力量进行设计和制造的喷气战斗
机。它摆脱前苏联系列飞机的设计格局,为我国独立自主研制战斗机奠定了良好基
础。但由于歼-12的一系列致命弱点,它最终夭折,从未正式服役。
Before the Culture Revolution, the PLA airforce started the "Small
Fighter" project during Apr 1967, which was greatly effected by the
political thoughts and leaders` preach. The project emphasized that
the new fighter should be smaller, lighter and more agile. This was
based on the theroy of "Air bushfighting" and carried out a agile, short
distance takeoff and landing, easy maintenance and low cost small
fighter. In 1969 Nanchang Airplane Company took the job and
denominated it "J-12" the next year. The main director is Mr.Lu Xiao
Peng. J-12 first flied in Dec 1970, then made a great air show for the
leaders of the PLA. Marshal Ye Jianying called J-12 "Air Li Xiangyang"
after the show, and Li Xiangyang is a famous guerilla captain in Chinese
movie. The Marshal hoped that J-12 would be as heroism as Li
Xiangyang and J-12 did it in maneuverability area. The pilots of J-12
all admirationd this.
文革前夕我国空军受到政治思想和部分上层人物鼓吹的影响,于67年4月启动“小
歼”的研制计划。计划突出新歼击机要小、轻、灵,按当时“开展空中游击战”的
设计思想,本意是要研制一种高机动灵活,短距起降,维护简单,造价低廉的小型
战斗机。69年南昌飞机制造厂正式接受了研制任务,次年3月正式定名“歼-12”。
由我国著名航空设计师陆孝彭同志(下图)任主设计师。原型机于1970年12月首飞成
功,73年9月向中央领导做汇报表演,当时叶剑英元帅赞誉其为“空中李向阳”。
名如其机,歼-12飞机机动性确实相当不错,参加试飞的飞行员赞叹有加。
The takeoff weight of J-12 is 4,450kg as well as the fuselage weight
is just 3,100kg, both are the lightest record of jet fighters in the
world. Due to the body is so small, the thrust of the engine is quite
large. But the weight and size are just the death-wounds of J-12, too.
There`s limited space of weapons, the weapon includes one 23mm gun and
one 30mm gun, which are internal. And it can carry two air-to-air
short range missles. This might be the weakest scheme of jet fighters.
Because of the limited weight and head air intake design, the aviatic
eletronic suites were cut down. There was no radar in the plane which
damage the effetion of the fighter. Another problem is that there`s
not enough space for fuel so that J-12`s voyage is very poor. These
all caused the death of the J-12.
歼-12正常起飞重量为4450千克,空机重量只有3100千克,占据世界超音速战斗机
的“最轻”冠军。由于机体重量轻,相对而言推重比较大,机动性也就相对的好。
但重量轻体积小也恰恰是歼-12的致命弱点,其安装武器的空间很有限,固定武器
是一门30mm航炮及一门23mm航炮,外挂两枚红外格斗空空导弹,这在超音速战斗机
中算是火力较弱的了。由于有重量限制,加上其机头进气布局,歼-12的电子火控
设备被最大幅度的压缩了。机上没有机载雷达,战斗力大受影响。机体轻小的另一
个致命弱点是机体内空间有限,无法装载足够的燃油,航程自然很短。这两个弱点
直接导致了歼-12胎死腹中。
Though J-12 has all these problems, considering the situation and the
technology at that time, Nanchang Airplane Company used many new
technique and made some great achievement in certain areas of the
fighter. This are the good side of the J-12 project.
尽管歼-12有种种弱点,但南昌飞机公司在当时的大环境和技术条件下,采用诸多
新颖技术,在飞机性能的某些方面获得了很大成功,这是歼-12研制中可取的地方
。参加过歼-12试飞的飞行员都交口称赞它的机动灵活的特点。其出色的机动飞行
能力,给人们留下了深刻的印象。由于轻巧,歼-12战斗机在某些指标上非常优秀
。例如海平面高度上的最大爬升率是 180米/秒。而和歼-12同年同月首次试飞的美
国F-14战斗机的这一项指标是200米/秒;专门针对米格-21而设计的F-5E是160米/
秒。歼-12在5,000 米高度上的最小盘旋半径是1,140米。而中低空机动性能突出的
歼-6是1,200米;美国刻意改善盘旋性能的F-5E是1,080米,为此在该机机翼上安装
了新的前后缘襟翼系统。歼-12在5,000米高度上,从M0.9水平加速到M1.2,所需时
间为65秒。而歼-6是85秒;美国的F-5A是140秒。歼-12的水平是比较先进的。再看
歼-12的地面机动性能,也就是它的短距起落性能。其起飞滑跑距离500米,着陆滑
跑距离是510米。与歼-12重量相当的亚音速战斗机歼-5的起飞滑跑距离是590米,
着陆滑跑距离是825米。歼-12能做到比歼-5的滑跑距离还要短是很不容易的,并且
具有防尘装置,可在短土跑道上起落。歼-12的最大平飞速度,在11,000米高度上
,最大M数1.5,优于歼-6;实用升限17,410米,与歼-6相当。歼-12在高空的巡航
速度是M0.95,虽不能超音速巡航,但以能接近音速巡航。歼-12是迄今世界上最轻
的超音速战斗机。它的正常起飞重量为4,450千克,最大正常起飞重量5,295千克,
空机重量只有3,100千克。它装有一台涡喷6乙型喷气发动机,加力推力39.72千牛
(4,050千克力),全机推重比可达0.91。歼-12的优越性能主要是靠机体重量轻和
大的推重比而得到的。
There are two different design of J-12s, one contains a cone shaped
centrebody in the air intake, the speed pipe are at the bottom of the
edge of air intake. Another design has no centerbody and the pipe is
on the top of the air intake.
80年代初,陆总师曾向海军航空兵提出以歼-12担当“岛载机”,利用该型号起飞
距离“短”的特点,作一些适应性的改型后,把它放到国防边疆的岛屿上,承担大
陆基地歼击机航程不足而无法担当的国土防空任务。到90年代初,国内论证发展舰
载机,针对歼-12飞机的轻小、短距起降的特点,陆总师又极力推荐歼-12改舰载机
。进入“九五”规划以后,随着国外出现像F-22、JSF等先进战斗机,陆总师提出
了以F-22为作战目标的新型空中优势歼击机研究蓝图,以歼-12为基本型,取歼
-12飞机的基本特点,改进机体结构、矢量推力、相控阵雷达、空中加油装置、两
余度火控计算机、1553B总线、隐身附加材料和涂料、中距主动雷达制导导弹等,
作为重型四代机的配套机与补充。但站长认为,该设想基于太多尚未成熟的设备,
例如要在歼-12的机体上安装有足够探测距离的相控阵雷达,这是美俄都无法做到
的,陆总师的想法只能是一厢情愿。
歼-12几架原型机有两种不同设计,一种带有激波锥,空速管在进气道下方。另外
一种无激波锥,空速管在上方。
http://www.zgjunshi.com/power/UploadFiles/20047922214580.jpg
http://www.zgjunshi.com/power/UploadFiles/20047922214621.jpg
http://www.zgjunshi.com/power/UploadFiles/20047922216360.jpg
http://www.zgjunshi.com/power/UploadFiles/20047922217371.jpg
http://www.zgjunshi.com/power/UploadFiles/20047922219797.jpg
http://www.zgjunshi.com/power/UploadFiles/20047922220112.jpg
http://www.zgjunshi.com/power/UploadFiles/20047922221784.jpg
※ 来源:·哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn·[FROM: 219.217.250.*]
Powered by KBS BBS 2.0 (http://dev.kcn.cn)
页面执行时间:5.015毫秒