Aero 版 (精华区)
发信人: murjun (萧牧), 信区: Aero
标 题: Astronaut Safety Measures for Shenzhou V
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年10月09日19:40:41 星期四), 站内信件
There is a great deal of interest in China’s space program at the moment as
it delivers news of the special safety features it has planned for Shenzhou V.
This is in light of the recent Columbia space shuttle tragedy and the
successful return of China’s unmanned spacecraft, Shenzhou IV. Those in
charge at China aerospace technology department have said that the craft will
be launched this autumn with special safety features for its human cargo.
Daytime Launch Set
The Shenzhou V is set to be launched during the daytime, in consideration, it
is said, of the safety of its astronauts.
All previous space flights have occurred at night. "Severe Cold" was used to
describe the conditions in reports on Shenzhou IV, when it was launched in
the early hours of December 30, 2002. The launch time of Shenzhou I and
Shenzhou II also took place in the early hours and midnight, respectively,
while Shenzhou III was at 22:15, Beijing time.
Why all the concern over a nighttime launch? The time for launching the
craft, also known as the launch "window" was originally set for optimum
optical tracking of the craft in the night sky. However due to safety
concerns, daytime temperatures now seem more conducive to a safe launch this
time round.
Long March II F Rocket to Guide Successfully
The Long March II F rocket is the system used to propel the Shenzhou series
of rockets into space. It is a safe and well tested carrier rocket with very
strong propulsive power. The carrier has two new safety features, attached to
the binding rocket (Long March II E), for the current space program: an
escape detection system and fault detection system. China began developing
the Long March II F rocket in 1992 and made its first successful flight in
November 1999. Safety and reliability have always remained top priority with
the space program team.
The escape system of the Long March II F rocket will first be activated
during the launch procedure. The automatic fault detection system of the
rocket conducts an automatic check 15 minutes before launch takes place. If
the astronauts are on the tower frame, they can escape using the safety bag
near to the tower frame; an elastic shoot will ensure their safe delivery to
the ground. If the problem occurs when the astronauts are in the module, the
system will order the escape tower, on the top of the rocket, into automatic
ignition. The escape tower will then drag the orbit module and re-entry
module from the rocket and bring it to a safety zone.
The Long March II F rocket has successfully launched three unmanned
spacecrafts into scheduled orbit so far and its reliability and safety has
been thoroughly tested.
Astronauts Undertake Zero Gravity Training
Aerospace conditions require that the astronaut must be fully trained before
entering orbit. As well as other complications, one of the more severe
symptoms of zero gravity is increased blood pressure to the head and upper
body. To combat this, astronauts must be prepared by lying on a slanted bed,
to slowly increase the blood flow up the body. Other changes include
distortion to eye muscle and sclerotin loss. The training conditions for
space travel are particularly arduous on the astronauts.
Space Program with Seven Systems
China’s space program is made up of seven complete systems. They are:
astronaut system, spacecraft application system, manned spacecraft system,
carrier rocket system, launching system, control and monitoring system and
the landing ground system.
The astronaut system manages the selection and training of all astronauts. It
supervises the medical inspection of astronauts and makes suggestions for the
design of the craft in relation to medical effects.
The space application system researches and investigates environmental
conditions of life in space and manages a ground observation system for
experiments there.
The manned spacecraft system has 13 branch systems. These include the
propulsive module, orbit module, re-entry module and attached portion. The
orbit module and re-entry module are all tightly sealed to ensure the safety
of the astronauts.
The carrier rocket for China’s manned space program is the Long March II F
which is currently the highest, heaviest and most powerful rocket in the
space program in China.
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, in China’s Gansu Province, is the site of
responsibility for the launch cabinet system, and the testing site for
spacecraft and rockets on the program.
The landing ground system manages the seek and recovery process of the
re-entry module. Once the spacecraft has landed back on earth, it finds,
recovers and opens the craft, bringing the astronauts to safety.
Finally, the control and monitoring system manages the measurement and remote
control of the entire process from launch to re-entry and safe landing. It is
also the only point of contact with the spacecraft.
Timeline of China’s Space Program
China formally launched its official space program in September 1992 and
began to select candidate astronauts.
November 20, 1999 saw the first experiment craft, Shenzhou I being
successfully launched.
On January 10, 2001, the unmanned spacecraft, Shenzhou II, returned safely to
earth.
On March 25 2002, another unmanned spacecraft, Shenzhou III, was launched and
returned safely on April 1. This is the first craft to be fully equipped to
carry man into space.
On December 30, 2002, the Shenzhou IV unmanned craft was launched and is the
highest caliber test craft in the Chinese space program to date.
by JimMural
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