Aero 版 (精华区)
发信人: bage (网事如疯·春心萌动), 信区: AerospaceScience
标 题: SpaceViews -- 2000 October 16(转载)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2000年12月23日12:10:39 星期六), 转信
【 以下文字转载自 bage 的信箱 】
【 原文由 hitsma@0451.com 所发表 】
[To stop receiving SpaceViews, please follow the UPDATED
instructions at the end of this message.]
S P A C E V I E W S
Issue 2000.42
2000 October 16
http://www.spaceviews.com/2000/1016/
*** News ***
Happy Astronauts Saunter Through First Spacewalk
New Russian Funds May Save Space Station Mir, For Now
Proton Carries Russian Navigation Satellites To Orbit
First ISS Crew Ready for Mission
European Space Agency Approves Menu of Space Projects
Motorola and Teledesic Terminate Satellite Agreement
Free-Drifting Worlds Raise Questions about Planet Formation
Cosmic Time Capsule: Frozen Yukon Meteorite Found
SpaceViews Event Horizon
*** Editorial ***
Dear Readers,
There are some significant changes in the works at SpaceViews
that you should be aware of. As many of you recall, SpaceViews was
acquired last year by Starport.com, an Internet startup striving to
establish a space exploration portal site. Starport.com, in turn, was
acquired in June by SPACE.com. If you weren't aware of those
acquisitions, that's understandable: during its time as a part of
Starport, and in the first several months of its ownership by
SPACE.com, there have been few noticeable changes in the content of
SpaceViews, as I maintained essentially total editorial control of the
SpaceViews web site and this weekly newsletter. This included writing
most of the articles in each issue (anything not bylined to another
person has, in general, been written by me): a time-consuming, but
ultimately enjoyable, task.
That era, though, has largely come to an end. SPACE.com has
decided that it is in their best interest not to duplicate content.
Thus, starting to some degree in this issue and in full in future
issues, SpaceViews will contain articles written by the SPACE.com
staff selected by me. I will continue to write some articles, but at a
much lower rate than in the past, and in coordination with SPACE.com.
There are also some changes with the SpaceViews web site at
spaceviews.com, such as the removal of the "other news" section of the
SpaceViews home page that linked to news articles published elsewhere.
I'd be lying if I said I wasn't disappointed with this change
to some degree; having put almost seven years of my life into
SpaceViews, such major changes can be disconcerting. You'll continue
to receive your weekly dose of space news, though, just with a
somewhat different flavor. If you have any questions or comments
about this change, don't hesitate to contact me personally at
jeff@spaceviews.com or SPACE.com at thoughts@space.com.
Sincerely,
Jeff Foust
Editor, SpaceViews
*** News ***
Happy Astronauts Saunter Through First Spacewalk
By Todd Halvorson
Cape Canaveral Bureau Chief
SPACE.com
Spacewalking astronauts waltzed through six hours of
construction work at the International Space Station Sunday, whistling
while they wired up a new metal truss at the orbital outpost.
They chuckled. They chatted. They sang songs about Jedi
Knights and mimicked "The Three Stooges." And when it was all said and
done, they also had successfully set up two key communications
antennas and stowed a toolbox for future outpost assembly workers.
"Just think, they pay us $2 a day to be up here," jovial Bill
McArthur joked as the astronauts ambled around an orbital construction
site some 384 kilometers (240 miles) above Earth.
"Nyuk, nyuk, nyuk -- yes they do," spacewalking partner Leroy
Chiao bantered back.
"What a deal!" McArthur said.
The first of four spacewalks planned for NASA's 100th shuttle
flight got off to a lighthearted start about 10:30 a.m. Eastern
Daylight Time (1430 UT) Sunday as first Chiao and then McArthur
floated into Discovery's cargo bay.
"Okay, Bill, you can come on out now," Chiao, a veteran of two
previous spacewalks, said.
Linked to the shuttle and looming above them was the 13-story
international station, which now comprises three permanent wings and a
Russian supply ship.
"Woo-hoo! This is too cool," McArthur, a rookie spacewalker,
said as he drifted into open space for the first time. "It's huge."
"It's gorgeous," added Chiao. "Just wonderful."
Enjoy your work
McArthur and Chiao clearly had fun cruising around the planet
at 25 times the speed of sound, taking a moment every once in awhile
to do a bit of extraterrestrial sightseeing.
"Look at the moon up there! Is that the moon?" an awed
McArthur said at one point. "The moon illumination is incredible."
The shimmering rainbow curtain of light that comes with every
orbital sunrise -- or once every 45 minutes -- was just as impressive.
"You guys should see the sunrise coming -- pretty awesome,"
crewmate Jeff Wisoff told the spacewalkers midway through the 6-hour,
28-minute foray.
"Ah, yes indeedy!" McArthur exclaimed.
Added Chaio: "Wow, this is really cool."
Working at a steady pace all day, the spacewalking
electricians first wired up a new nine-ton truss that was added to the
outpost Saturday.
Now sitting atop a docking module dubbed "Unity," the aluminum
truss houses four dome-shaped gyroscopes designed to reduce the amount
fuel needed to keep the station properly positioned in orbit.
It also will serve as a mounting platform for a pair of giant
solar arrays to be delivered to the station on NASA's next outpost
construction mission, which is scheduled for launch on shuttle
Endeavour Nov. 30.
High wiring act
The wiring work called for Japanese astronaut Koichi Wakata to
hoist McArthur to a point three stories above Discovery with the
shuttle's 13-meter (50-foot) robot arm.
"Let's go for a ride," McArthur said as Wakata lifted him to a
work site on the far side of the station -- a vantage point that
blocked the spacewalker's view of Discovery.
"I was wondering what it was going to be like being out on the
end of the arm, not being able to see the shuttle," McArthur said.
"It's a strange feeling. My toes are curling right up."
The chitchat continued as Chiao and McArthur used pistol-like
electric screwdrivers to remove a dish-shaped antenna from the side of
the truss.
The 85.5-kilogram (190-pound) antenna -- which will be used
beam television and voice communications from the station back to
Earth -- then was mounted on the end of a lengthy boom and swung into
place outside the outpost.
A smaller, less capable radio and data transmission antenna
also was put in place, and the astronauts set out a toolbox for future
spacewalking construction crews.
"It was quite an adventure," McArthur said.
"It sounded that way, Bill," astronaut Ellen Ochoa replied
from NASA's Mission Control Center in Houston, Texas. "We enjoyed all
your commentary."
"It entertained everybody up here as well," McArthur said.
Plan ahead
Up next for Discovery's crew: The addition of a new shuttle
docking port to the station.
Plucking the cylindrical port from a shuttle cargo bay carrier
with the robot arm, Wakata will carry that job out Monday with an
assist from spacewalkers Wisoff and Michael Lopez-Alegria.
Chiao and McArthur will be at it again Tuesday, installing a
pair of bulky electrical voltage converters on the new station truss
during the mission's third spacewalk.
The final spacewalk -- to be carried out by Wisoff and Lopez-
Alegria -- will include test-flights of jet backpacks that outpost
construction workers would use to fly back to the station if
inadvertently cast adrift in orbit.
The crew also will spend a day inside the station, delivering
supplies for the outpost's first full-time tenants, who are due to
take up residence at the station in early November.
The shuttle and its crew are to depart the station Friday and
then land back at Kennedy Space Center at 2:10 p.m. EDT (1810 UT) next
Sunday.
New Russian Funds May Save Space Station Mir, For Now
By Yuri Karash
Contributing Moscow Correspondent
SPACE.com
A recent budgetary decree approved by the Russian government
could keep the venerable Russian space station Mir aloft -- at least
in the near term.
The agreement, signed Thursday October 12 by Russian
Federation Chairman Mikhail Kasyanov, states that 70 percent of the
revenues generated from patent rights to the results of government
scientific research and experimental design will be used for
scientific research, including continued support for piloted operation
of the Mir space station.
The decree does not specify how long after the end the year
the government plans to keep the aging Russian outpost in orbit. It
also remains unclear how much money the state intends to raise during
the remaining two and a half months left in 2000 to support Mir's
operation, whose annual cost considerably exceeds $200 million.
But this does seem to be a vote of confidence for the aging
outpost, which has been beset by financial difficulties.
MirCorp, the international company that funds Mir, recently
announced plans for an IPO. This is the latest in a rash of schemes to
save the 14-year-old outpost.
Mir could live beyond the late winter of 2001 under another
scenario -- MirCorp, the private international company that provided
funding for a human mission earlier this year, could find a sponsor
for businessman Dennis Tito's flight to the station. The flight would
cost about $20 million. Tito is set to fly to the station with
cosmonauts Salizhan Sharipov and Pavel Vinogradov in February 2001.
Finding money to pay for Mir's flight next year isn't the
Russian space program's only headache. Funding must be found to rescue
RKK Energia, Mir's designer and operator, from economic collapse.
According to Yuri Semenov, Energia's president and general designer,
the corporation is in debt for $71.7 million (2 billion rubles).
Included in this sum is $21.5 million (600 million rubles) owed to the
government.
Proton Carries Russian Navigation Satellites To Orbit
by Jim Banke
Senior Producer, Cape Canaveral Bureau
SPACE.com
Three Russian military navigation satellites were launched
into Earth orbit on Friday, carried into space by the workhorse Proton
rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
Liftoff came at 10:12 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time (1412 UT).
Spacecraft separation is expected in about four hours.
The spacecraft were new additions to Russia's Global
Navigation Satellite System, or GLONASS, which is similar in concept
and operation to the United States' Navstar Global Positioning System
(GPS) constellation of satellites.
In both cases a user on the ground -- or at sea or in the air
-- with the right equipment can receive signals from two or more
satellites and learn almost exactly where they are on the planet, what
direction they are moving and how fast they are traveling.
GLONASS is designed by NPO PM, based in the Eastern-Siberian
town of Zheleznogorsk and built by the Polet Production Association in
Omsk.
Before today's launch the GLONASS system had 12 operational
spacecraft in orbit, with the most recent trio of satellites launched
atop a Proton rocket on Dec. 30, 1998, according to the Russian
Ministry of Defense's Coordination of Scientific Information Center.
SPACE.com Moscow Correspondent Yuri Karash contributed to this report.
First ISS Crew Ready for Mission
The three men of the first long-term International Space
Station crew said Monday they're ready to fly to the station late this
month and start living and working in the orbiting facility.
Speaking at a press conference in Moscow, American astronaut
William Shepherd and Russian cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei
Krikalev described their eagerness to work together in space.
"I'm really anxious to go to work in space with these guys
because our teamwork is only going to get better," said Shepherd,
describing how the three have come together as a team during their
several years of training for the flight on Earth.
The crew, known as Expedition One, is scheduled for launch on
a Soyuz from Baikonur, Kazakhstan on October 30, docking with ISS a
few days later. They will remain on the station until mid-February,
when they are relieved by the Expedition Two crew arriving on shuttle
mission STS-102.
The Expedition One crew will be charged with "breaking in" the
station and assisting in the ongoing assembly of the station. They
also have a number of medical and engineering experiments, including a
joint Russian-German crystal growth project, to conduct while in
space.
Perhaps the most important test, though, is to see how well
the often-fractious relationship between the United States and Russia
on this project can hold up in orbit. Assembly delays, funding
problems, and even the selection of the crews have strained the
relationship between the two countries.
Shepherd, at least, was convinced that the crew, and the two
countries, were going in the right direction. "I expect that at the
end of our flight to confirm my certainty that the path we took was
chosen correctly," he said, speaking in Russian to answer a question
from a Russian reporter.
"I hope this level of cooperation is not similarly special in
the future," he added.
European Space Agency Approves Menu of Space Projects
By Leonard David
Senior Science Writer
SPACE.com
The European Space Agency (ESA) announced Friday a go-ahead on
a wide-ranging menu of new space missions, to be implemented in the
years 2008-2013.
Five spacecraft projects -- including a mission to Mercury,
sending a probe to the Sun and a search for gravity waves -- have been
picked. A sixth project to spot habitable planets is on "reserve,"
depending on the health of future space budgets, both at ESA and NASA.
The "package" of approved ESA science missions, several of
which are in collaboration with NASA, are:
* Bepi-Colombo to explore the planet Mercury, to be launched in 2009
in collaboration with Japan
* GAIA, which will study the composition, formation and evolution of
our Galaxy by mapping with unprecedented precision 1 billion stars and
launched no later than 2012
* Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) -- the first
gravitational-wave space observatory, in collaboration with NASA
* Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST), again in collaboration with
NASA
* Solar Orbiter, a successor of the SOHO and Ulysses missions that
are now studying the Sun.
Technology challenge
ESA engineers will have their hands full in building the
challenging roster of spacecraft. Bepi-Colombo is no exception. It
will use a new solar-electric propulsion system to help it reach
Mercury.
The spacecraft will face severe problems due to the searing
heat, due not only to direct sunlight 10 times more intense than that
in Earth's vicinity, but also to the infrared rays radiating from the
planet's surface.
The heat loads affect every aspect of Bepi-Colombo's design
and construction. Special gallium arsenide solar cells -- used to
power the spacecraft -- will have to cope with high light intensities
as well as high temperatures.
The Bepi Colombo mission was named after the late Italian
scientist, Giuseppe Colombo of the University of Padua.
Much of what is known about the planet Mercury is based on the
NASA Mariner 10 flybys of the planet in 1974-1975. Those closeup looks
at Mercury were inspired by Colombo's calculations.
He suggested how to put Mariner 10 into an orbit that would
bring it back repeatedly to Mercury. Colombo had researched a peculiar
habit of Mercury in that it rotates three times in every two
revolutions of the Sun.
ESA will work with NASA on another difficult-to-do project --
the LISA spacecraft mission. LISA calls for three spacecraft orbiting
around the Sun. Spread out 3.1 million miles (5 million kilometers)
apart, the trio of probes will comprise a gigantic triangle.
Laser beams relayed between the LISA spacecraft will check
their distances. Small changes in the separations of the spacecraft,
occurring over seconds or hours, will tell of passing gravitational
waves.
Turning its back on Earth
GAIA will be a 3-ton (2,700-kilogram) spacecraft suitable for
launch by Europe's Ariane 5 rocket. It will go to a station 900,000
miles (1.5 million kilometers) out on the dark side of Earth, at
LaGrange Point No. 2 (L2).
At that point, the gravity of the Sun and Earth combine to
create a place of rest relative to our planet. With its back turned to
Earth, a wide "collar" outfitted with solar cells will shield GAIA
from the light of Sun, Earth and Moon. GAIA will revolve slowly,
scanning circles around the sky.
GAIA will be geared to give precise and detailed information
about the billion brightest objects in the sky. This unprecedented
census, said ESA scientists, should have the same sort of impact on
astronomy as brand-new overviews have had on other branches of
science, such as weather satellites in meteorology or genome projects
in genetics.
Stellar closeups
The Solar Orbiter would fly on an extended orbit that, at
times during its mission, takes it to within about 19 million miles
(30 million kilometers) of the Sun -- much closer than the innermost
planet, Mercury.
At its closest approach the spacecraft would round the Sun at
roughly the same rate as the solar sphere itself rotates, so that it
should seem to hover over one region.
Besides giving unprecedented closeup views of the solar
surface and atmosphere, the orbiter would directly sense how solar
wind and energetic particles behave in the Sun's vicinity. With the
passage of time, Solar Orbiter's orbit would slant at an increasing
angle to the solar equator.
Presence of planets
One ESA project is on reserve status, the Eddington -- a
mission to map stellar evolution and find habitable planets. This
spacecraft could be implemented depending on the NGST and LISA
schedules or provision of further resources.
Eddington would take up station far from Earth and use a 3.3-
foot (1-meter) telescope with a wide field of view to examine stars
for oscillations and passing planets.
Capable of scanning some 50,000 stars of many different kinds,
Eddington would also check 700,000 stars for the presence of planets,
revealed by a dip in stellar brightness when a planet passes in front
of the star.
Prior to detailing today's selection of future scientific
missions, ESA's director of science, Roger Bonnet, said, "in spite of
financial restrictions, the science program of ESA is still alive." He
emphasized that ESA continues to launch the missions it promised, is
harvesting a wealth of science results from its space-science
missions, and is looking for avenues of international collaboration.
"Space science is a constantly renewed source of knowledge,"
Bonnet said.
"It is good that through ESA and its science community, Europe
should show to its taxpayers and to the rest of the world its talents,
its successes and its contribution to knowledge," he said.
Motorola and Teledesic Terminate Satellite Agreement
Motorola and Teledesic have terminated an agreement that made
Motorola the prime contractor for Teledesic's satellite system, the
latest sign that Teledesic's plans remain in flux.
The two companies issued a joint statement late last week that
said they had a reached a "mutual decision" to terminate an agreement
signed last year that made Motorola the prime contractor for the
Teledesic satellite system.
No reason for the termination was given other than to allow
Teledesic "the flexibility to pursue alternative approaches for
building its global, broadband satellite communications network,"
according to the statement.
Teledesic reached an agreement with Motorola last July to
serve as prime contractor for the satellite, over a year after
Motorola abandoned Celestri, its own project to develop a satellite
constellation for high-speed communications, and joined the Teledesic
project.
Motorola invested $150 million into Teledesic but also
received $250 million from the company when the contract was signed as
down payment for engineering work the company had done prior to the
contact. Motorola will retain its investment in Teledesic, the
companies reported.
Motorola had pulled some of its employees and contractors off
the project earlier last year for a time, apparently wary of investing
additional effort without a contract, particularly while Motorola was
focusing on efforts to save Iridium, another satellite communications
company which has since gone bankrupt. Even after the agreement was
signed, planned reviews of the Motorola-Teledesic system were delayed
as Teledesic considered investments in other satellite companies.
The terminated contract is the latest sign that Teledesic's
plans for hundreds of low-Earth orbit (LEO) communications satellites,
providing high-speed data communications, is undergoing a major
revision. Teledesic merged earlier this year with ICO, another
satellite communications company that was salvaged from bankruptcy
protection by Teledesic co-founder Craig McCaw.
ICO's satellites are currently being modified on the ground to
support higher data rates that would allow them to do some high-speed
data communications, in addition to the telephony applications
originally planned for the satellites.
Teledesic officials said earlier this year that the ICO
satellites will provide "third-generation" wireless services that will
utilize higher data rates than current wireless phone systems, while
Teledesic will provide high-speed data communications to fixed
locations.
Teledesic originally planned a constellation of nearly 1,000
small satellites in LEO, a figure that was revised downward to 288
larger satellites in somewhat higher orbits. Outside analysts believe
that Teledesic may downsize its constellation further, although the
company has given no indication of when it plans to unveil its new
plans for the Teledesic satellite system.
At the same time Teledesic reached its agreement with
Motorola, it signed a launch contract with International Launch
Services, purchasing three launches each on the heavy-lift Atlas 5
under development and the Proton M, with options for five more
launches on each booster. Teledesic did not reveal the current status
of that contract.
Free-Drifting Worlds Raise Questions about Planet Formation
The discovery of 18 planets in the Orion Nebula not orbiting a
central star is raising new questions regarding current theories of
planet formation.
In a paper published in the journal Science last week, a team
of American, Spanish, and German scientists reported the discovery of
18 large planets in a star cluster, Sigma Orionis, that is part of the
Orion Nebula. Unlike previous extrasolar planet discoveries, the
planets do no appear to be orbiting a central star.
The discovery comes several months after British astronomers
reported finding 13 free-floating planets and about 100 brown dwarfs
in the Orion Nebula. Those planets ranged in mass from eight to 13
times the mass of Jupiter, the upper limit being the approximate
boundary between large gas giant planets and small brown dwarf stars.
This international team of astronomers, led by Maria Rosa
Zapatero Osorio, of the Instituto de Astrof韘ica de Canarias, in
Tenerife, Spain, used one of the twin telescopes of the Keck
Observatory to take spectra of the suspected objects to see if they
were planets or stars. The spectra revealed the existence of
molecules that would form at the cooler temperatures that would exist
if the objects were planets, rather than stars.
The mass of the stars is dependent on the age of the star
cluster they are in: the older the cluster, and thus presumably the
planets, the more massive the planets must be to be at their present
temperature. Astronomers believe the cluster is no older than about 5
million years, implying a mass of 8-15 Jupiters. However, if the
cluster is just 1 million years old, the planets could weigh just five
times the mass of Jupiter.
Zapatero Osorio that the question of whether these objects are
planets or brown dwarfs -- stars not massive enough to sustain nuclear
fusion -- is as much an issue of terminology as anything else. "If
planets can only exist around a star, then our candidates are very
low-mass brown dwarfs," she said. "But if planets must be a certain
mass, then these objects are planets. This is only a problem of
terminology, however."
The discovery, though, does raise the question of how these
small objects formed in the first place. "The formation of young,
free-floating, planetary-mass objects like these are difficult to
explain by our current models of how planets form," said Zapatero
Osorio, currently working at Caltech. "The most intriguing question
now is how can we explain the formation and evolution of planetary-
mass objects outside the solar system."
Patrick Roche, a codiscoverer of the 13 free-floating planets
found earlier this year, said at the time he believes the free-
floating planets formed from isolated clumps of material within the
nebula, and were not planets that formed around stars and then
ejected. As such, the discovery may not provide many new insights
into conventional planet formation.
Cosmic Time Capsule: Frozen Yukon Meteorite Found
By Robert Roy Britt
Senior Science Writer
SPACE.com
A team of space-rock sleuths used video footage, still
photographs and rock-hard evidence to reconstruct the January 18
plunge of a fragile cosmic boulder into the frozen Yukon.
The results reveal what happened to the huge asteroid-turned-
fireball, and further research of well-preserved fragments is expected
to unlock secrets about our solar system's formation and the origin of
life on Earth.
The space rock appears to have been hurtling through space
since before our Sun formed. Fragments dug from the Yukon snow and ice
could contain the oldest material ever studied -- tiny bits of
interstellar dust called "nano-diamonds" that joined a swirling dusty
disk to eventually become the Sun and the nine planets.
The fragile object, most of which disintegrated as it crashed
through Earth's atmosphere, also represents a newly discovered class
of charcoal-like, stony asteroids known as carbonaceous chondrites.
On top of all that, the thing stinks.
Diamonds, and that awful stench
Scientists say chunks of the space rock were recovered with
the care due a multibillion-year-old fossil -- wrapped in Baggies and
untouched by human hands. The meteorite has come to be called Tagish
Lake, after the frozen lake on which it fell.
"It is not yet known what kinds of pre-solar grains Tagish
Lake has, or how much, but the preliminary data ... indicate that
there may be a lot in this meteorite," said Jeffrey Grossman of the
U.S. Geological Survey. "By studying pre-solar grains, we can learn
firsthand about the birth and death of stars, including the birth of
our own. These grains can also tell us about how matter in the entire
galaxy may evolve."
Grossman, who was not involved in the research but is familiar
with it, said the unique texture and chemical makeup of the meteorite
hints that there may be many unknown but common types of asteroids in
our solar system that are too fragile to make it to Earth.
"Now that we have received something new and different, yet
clearly related to previously known materials, we can broaden our
understanding of early solar system processes," Grossman told
SPACE.com. "Also, this meteorite stinks -- literally. This tells us
that there may be volatile compounds in newly fallen meteorites that
have never been analyzed before, and which can potentially let us
learn more about the origin of life on Earth."
The fiery plunge
A paper appearing in the October 13 issue of the journal
Science describes Tagish Lake and its travels to Earth. University of
Western Ontario's Peter Brown, lead author of the paper, described the
fiery plunge:
An object the size of a car, but weighing about twice as much
as a space shuttle, orbited the sun once every three years in an
elliptical pattern, zipping inside Earth's orbit and then swinging out
beyond Mars, Brown said. Fate, with a little help from gravity, pulled
the object toward our planet.
Cruising at 56,325 kilometers (35,000 miles) per hour, the
object zoomed in over Earth's poles, hitting the lower layers of our
atmosphere near the Yukon-Alaska border.
The entry angle was shallow, about 16 degrees from the
horizontal, causing an unusually long "shooting star" that lasted some
15 seconds, according to eyewitnesses. The real show started about 90
kilometers (56 miles) up, when the meteor began to flatten out.
"The object fragmented heavily in a series of detonations
starting at 44 kilometers (27 miles) altitude in the Yukon and ending
in a final large burst at 33 kilometers (20 miles) altitude at the
Yukon-British Columbia border," Brown said. "We estimate more than 95
percent of the mass of the initial object was consumed during these
detonations and the rest of entry."
Freezing in the freshness
Brown figures only a few hundred kilograms of solid material,
some no larger than grains of sand, actually made it to the surface.
Travelling at 30 meters per second (67 miles per hour), many of the
larger pieces shattered when they slammed into the ice. Others fell in
snow and survived.
The primordial information in meteorites is usually destroyed
or contaminated, but because some of the Tagish Lake fragments were
frozen, their ancient secrets likely appear intact, awaiting study.
The largest piece recovered weighed about 200 grams (half a pound).
"Some evidence suggests it is the most primitive meteorite yet
examined," Brown said. "If this proves true in subsequent detailed
examination, the real impact of Tagish Lake will not be truly apparent
for many years after many studies."
Other researchers who have studied the meteorite say it is in
a remarkable state of preservation, thanks in part to the fact that
its entry into Earth's atmosphere was slower than many space rocks. It
has more carbon, including organic material, than researchers have
ever seen.
"Its unusual composition, plus the fact that it has been kept
cold since its fall, means that we may learn things about chemistry in
the solar nebula that we never knew before," said Alan Hildebrand of
the University of Calgary's Geology Department.
"We are still in very early days studying this meteorite and I
expect that things will be learned that we do not yet anticipate,"
Hildebrand said. "I expect that study of this material will be quite
intensive for one to two years after samples are widely distributed."
SpaceViews Event Horizon
Note: You can now add these events to your Palm handheld by clicking
on, or copying and pasting into a Web browswer, the URL below each
event. Visit Coola's Web site at http://www.coola.com/ for more
information about this free service.
October 16 Soyuz launch of a Progress spacecraft to the Mir space
station from Baikonur, Kazakhstan
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=971088365&type=D
October 19 Zenit 3SL (Sea Launch) launch of the Thuraya
communications satellite from a floating platform on
the Equator in the Pacific Ocean at 2:00 am EDT
(0600 UT)
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=971657759&type=D
October 19 Atlas 2A launch of a DSCS military communications
satellite from Cape Canaveral, Florida at 7:36 pm EDT
(2336 UT).
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=970442592&type=D
October 19-22 Space Frontier Conference 9, Manhattan Beach,
California
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=968079287&type=D
October 20-22 Mars Week 2000, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=969270315&type=D
October 21 Proton launch of the GE-6 communications satellite
from Baikonur, Kazakhstan at 5:54 pm EDT (2154 UT)
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=971657839&type=D
October 23-27 32nd Annual American Astronomical Society Division for
Planetary Sciences Meeting, Pasadena, California
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=968079363&type=D
-----------------------ADVERTISEMENT------------------------
The Space Frontier Foundation's Space Frontier Conference 9
"Odyssey's Horizon"
Los Angeles, California, October 19-22, 2000
Come join the most important gathering of space pioneers on
Earth. From rocket jocks to leading astronomers to the top
new space entrepreneurs and government policy makers - if
you are a Real Player in space, you need to be at this
event! Sessions include NEO's, Space Transportation,
Commercial Space Stations, Lunar and Mars exploration and
development, and our new X-Treme Space session, including
grant prizes for the best leading edge human/space research
ideas.
Register at: http://www.space-frontier.org
or call 800-78-SPACE
-----------------------ADVERTISEMENT------------------------
========
This has been the October 16, 2000, issue of SpaceViews.
SpaceViews is also available on the Web at:
http://www.spaceviews.com/
or via anonymous FTP from ftp.seds.org:
ftp://ftp.seds.org/pub/info/newsletters/spaceviews/text/20001016.txt
*** UPDATED ***
To unsubscribe from SpaceViews, send mail to:
listserv@listserv.space.com
In the body (not subject) of the message, type:
unsubscribe spaceviews
*** UPDATED ***
For editorial questions and article submissions for SpaceViews,
including letters to the editor, contact the editor, Jeff Foust, at
jeff@spaceviews.com
For questions about the SpaceViews mailing list, please contact
jeff@spaceviews.com.
--
※ 转载:.哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn.[FROM: es.hit.edu.cn]
Powered by KBS BBS 2.0 (http://dev.kcn.cn)
页面执行时间:407.289毫秒