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标 题: SpaceViews -- 2000 August 14(转载)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2000年12月23日17:46:24 星期六), 转信
【 以下文字转载自 bage 的信箱 】
【 原文由 hitsma@0451.com 所发表 】
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S P A C E V I E W S
Issue 2000.34
2000 August 21
http://www.spaceviews.com/2000/0821/
*** News ***
Titan 4 Launches Military Satellite
Ariane 4 Launches Two Communications Satellites
Shuttle Rolled Out to Launch Pad
Report: More Emphasis on Better Needed in NASA "Faster Better
Cheaper" Missions
Human Spaceflight Pioneer Gilruth Dies
Ice Mountains May Lurk Beneath Titan's Surface
Boeing Releases Final Report on Delta 3 Failure
Old Galaxies May Revise Theories of Galaxy Formation
Light and Radio Pollution a Growing Threat to Astronomy
NASA to Test Laser "Broom" to Clean Space Junk
SpaceViews Event Horizon
Other News
Editor's Note: due to production delays, the Mars Society Conference
article planned for this issue has been delayed until next week. We
apologize for the inconvenience.
- Jeff Foust, Editor
jeff@spaceviews.com
*** News ***
Titan 4 Launches Military Satellite
A Titan 4B booster successfully launched a classified
satellite for the National Reconnaissance Office Thursday evening from
California.
The Air Force Titan 4B lifted off on schedule at 7:45 pm EDT
(2345 UT) Thursday from pad SLC-4 East at Vandenberg Air Force Base,
California. The booster's classified payload separated from the
booster nine minutes and 15 second after liftoff, the Air Force
reported in a post-launch statement.
The launch had been scheduled for 24 hours earlier, but was
delayed Wednesday after technicians discovered a problem with the
batteries that power an automatic destruct system. The problem was
corrected in time to make a launch attempt Thursday.
Officials have only said that the Titan 4B would launch a
satellite for the National Reconnaissance Office. However, outside
experts, analyzing the choice of launch vehicle, payload shroud, and
other issues, believe the Titan to be carrying a Lacrosse (also known
as Onyx) radar-imaging reconnaissance satellite. Such spacecraft are
able to take high-resolution images of the Earth regardless of time of
day or weather from their low, inclined orbits.
The launch was the first for the Titan 4B since the May 8
launch of a DSP early-warning satellite from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
The launch was also the second in as many months from Vandenberg: a
Minotaur launch vehicle placed the Air Force's MightySat 2 spacecraft
into orbit July 19.
Another Titan 4B launch is tentatively planned for this fall,
when the booster will launch a Milstar military communications
satellite for the Air Force from Cape Canaveral.
Ariane 4 Launches Two Communications Satellites
An Ariane 4 booster successfully launched two communications
satellites for Brazil and Egypt Thursday night from French Guiana.
The Ariane 44LP, the version of the Ariane 4 that uses two
liquid-propellant and two solid-propellant strap-on boosters, lifted
off on schedule at 7:16 pm EDT (2316 UT) from the launch site at
Kourou, French Guiana. The booster places its payload of two
communications satellites into a geosynchronous transfer orbit less
than a half-hour after launch.
One of the two satellites launched by the Ariane 4, Brasilsat
B4, will be used by Brazilian communications company Embratel to
provide television broadcast and voice communications services. The
satellite, an HS 376W built by American company Hughes Space and
Communications, will operate in geosynchronous orbit at 92 degrees
west longitude.
The other satellite launched Thursday was Nilesat 102, a
direct broadcast television satellite that will be operated by
Egyptian company Nilesat. The satellite, built by European satellite
manufacturer Astrium, will provide broadcast services for northern
Africa and the Middle East from geosynchronous orbit at 7 degrees west
longitude.
The launch is the fifth of the year for Arianespace, the
French company that operates the Ariane booster, and the first since
the April 18 launch of the Galaxy 4R communications satellite for
PanAmSat. The company had originally planned to launch two satellites
on an Ariane 5 in May, but delayed the launch first to mid-July to
inspect one satellite, then delayed it again last month to September
because of a potential problem with the booster's attitude control
system.
That Ariane 5 launch is now planned for September 14, after
the September 6 launch of a communications satellite on an Ariane 4.
Shuttle Rolled Out to Launch Pad
NASA rolled out the space shuttle Atlantis early Monday
morning at the Kennedy Space Center as preparations for its mission
next month proceed smoothly.
The shuttle was moved from the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB)
to launch pad 39B during the early morning hours Monday, arriving at
the pad around 7 am EDT (1100 UT) Monday morning. The move took place
without incident.
The shuttle had been moved into the VAB August 7 to mate it to
is external tank and two SRB boosters. The day before the shuttle
stack was moved to the launch pad it was moved from one bay of the VAB
to another as part of "Safe Haven", a new system to provide more
protection to shuttle hardware during hurricane season.
The move to the launch pad was the latest step in preparations
towards the launch of STS-106, currently scheduled for September 8 at
8:31 am EDT (1231 UT), at the beginning of a ten-minute launch window.
Those launch preparations are continuing without any significant
problems.
The mission will be the first to the International Space
Station (ISS) since the launch last month of the Zvezda service
module, as well as the launch earlier this month of an unmanned
Progress cargo spacecraft that docked with Zvezda August 8.
The seven-man crew of STS-106 will spend much of their 10-day,
20-hour mission unpacking the Progress spacecraft, ferrying supplies
into the station from the shuttle, and preparing the Zvezda module for
its first long-term crew, who will arrive at the station in early
November. One spacewalk is also planned to help integrate Zvezda with
the rest of the space station.
The tasks to be performed on STS-106 were originally planned
for STS-101, a shuttle mission that flew in May. The STS-106 mission
was announced earlier this year when it became clear that maintenance
work was needed on the station prior to the long-delayed launch of
Zvezda. Both missions used the shuttle Atlantis, and three crew
members originally assigned to STS-101 -- astronaut Ed Lu and
cosmonauts Yuri Malenchenko and Boris Marukov -- were switched to STS-
106.
STS-106 will be commanded by veteran astronaut Terrence
Wilcutt, with Scott Altman as pilot. In addition to Lu, Malenchenko,
and Marukov, rookie astronauts Daniel Burbank and Richard Mastracchio
will serve as mission specialists on the flight.
Report: More Emphasis on Better Needed in NASA
"Faster Better Cheaper" Missions
NASA should pay as much attention to the scientific quality of
its space and Earth science missions as it does to their cost and
schedule, an independent report concluded this month.
The report, "Assessment of Mission Size Trade-offs for NASA's
Earth and Space Science Missions," was released this month by the
Space Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC) after
Congress directed NASA in its 1999 budget to study the effects of
NASA's philosophy of "faster better cheaper" (FBC) missions on its
Earth and space science efforts.
The report was generally supportive of FBC as presently
applied, but expressed concern that this philosophy, which emphasizes
fast-track, low-cost missions, has a negative affect on the scientific
outcome of Earth and space science missions.
"For NASA research programs, technological or managerial
innovation are not ends unto themselves," the report notes. "The
clear and obvious meaning of 'better' is that more science -- more
knowledge and better quality and quantity of measurements -- about
some aspects of the universe around us is returned for a given
investment and that such returns occur in a timely manner."
This meaning of "better", the panel concludes, has been
compromised in the quest for faster and cheaper. "The heavy emphasis
on cost and schedule has too often compromised scientific outcomes
(scope of mission, data return, and analysis of results)," the report
states.
To rectify this problem, the report recommends that science
priorities "are the primary determinants of what missions are carried
out and their sizes." Mission planning should take into account those
priorities when evaluating the payload, schedule, and risks associated
with a mission.
The report also notes that FBC's emphasis on small missions
may not be constructive, since some missions' scientific requirements
are "constrained fundamentally by the laws of physics, such that some
worthwhile science objectives cannot be met by small satellites."
This is a problem since NASA has largely turned away from
large missions like Galileo and Cassini to small- and medium-size
spacecraft. "An emphasis on medium-size missions is currently
precluding comprehensive payloads on planetary missions and has tended
to discourage planning for large, extensive missions," according to
the report.
The report recommends transferring some aspects of the FBC
management philosophy to larger missions as well as develop spacecraft
technology and instrumentation that will support a wide range of
missions, from low-cost small missions to larger, more expensive
spacecraft.
The report also suggests that NASA work to develop new, less
expensive launch vehicles that would support both large and small
missions, particularly small missions whose launch costs can become a
large fraction of the overall mission price. One solution may be the
use of foreign launch vehicles, either as part of international
collaboration or through a change in launch vehicle policy.
Like other reports that have examined NASA's FBC philosophy,
particularly in the wake of several mission failures last year, the
NRC report is largely supportive of FBC, although with the caveats is
stated about scientific objectives.
"Faster-better-cheaper methods of management, technology
infusion, and implementation have produced useful improvements
regardless of absolute mission size or cost," it concludes. "However,
while improvements in administrative procedures have proven their
worth in shortening the time to science, experience from mission
losses has shown that great care must be exercised in making changes
to technical management techniques lest mission success be
compromised."
Human Spaceflight Pioneer Gilruth Dies
Robert Gilruth, one of the key figures behind the success of
NASA's race to the Moon in the 1960s, passed away early Thursday after
a long illness. He was 86.
Gilruth was involved with America's manned space flight
program from the very beginning when he was named director of the
newly-formed Space Task Group, responsible for Project Mercury, in
1958, after serving as assistant director of the Langley Aeronautical
Laboratory (now Langley Research Center) in Virginia.
The Space Task Group later moved to Houston and became the
Manned Spacecraft Center (now the Johnson Space Center). Gilruth
became director of the center, serving in that role from 1961 through
1972. During that time he conceived of and directed the Gemini
program, which tested the key technologies and techniques needed for a
human mission to the Moon, such as spacewalks and dockings. Gilruth
also led the Apollo program that did successfully land a dozen humans
on the Moon.
Gilruth was born in Nashwauk, Minnesota on October 8, 1913.
He later earned degrees in aerospace engineering from the University
of Minnesota before beginning work as an engineer at the Langley
Aeronautical Laboratory, then operated by NASA's predecessor, the
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, in 1937, eventually
working with high-speed, rocket-powered aircraft. He became assistant
director of the lab in 1952.
Current and former leaders of America's human spaceflight
efforts lauded Gilruth's accomplishments. "His courage to explore the
unknown, his insistence on following strict scientific procedures, and
his technical expertise directly contributed to the ultimate success
of the Apollo program and the landing of a man on the moon," said NASA
administrator Dan Goldin.
"There were many heroes during the early days of the space
program, but Bob Gilruth was the most respected of them all and,
particularly, by those who knew what it took to reach the goals that
were established," said Christopher Kraft, who worked under Gilruth as
head of flight operations. "Personally, I had a higher regard for
Gilruth than any other person in my lifetime."
"There is no question that without Bob Gilruth there would not
have been a Mercury, Gemini, or an Apollo program," George Low,
director of the Apollo lunar landing program, once commented during an
interview. "He built in terms of what he felt was needed to run a
manned space flight program... it is clear to all who have been
associated with him that he has been the leader of all that is manned
space flight in this country."
Gilruth himself, through, attributed much of the success of
the program to its straightforward goal. "President Kennedy's
statement, 'Fly man to the Moon in this decade,' was a beautiful
definition of the task," he wrote in the 1975 NASA publication Apollo:
Expeditions to the Moon. "There could be no misunderstanding as to
just what was desired, and this clarity of purpose was one factor in
the success of Apollo."
"In thinking back over the flights of Apollo, I am impressed
at the intrinsic excellence of the plan that had evolved," he
recalled. "Apollo surely is a prototype for explorations of the
future when we again send men into space to build a base on the Moon
or to explore even farther away from Earth."
Ice Mountains May Lurk Beneath Titan's Surface
Astronomers have growing evidence that a range of mountains
made of methane ice may exist on the surface of Titan, Saturn's
largest moon, they reported this month.
Two groups of astronomers said at a conference of the
International Astronomical Union in Manchester, England this month
that infrared images of the moon show a large bright region that they
believe to me a mountainous plateau on the moon's equator.
The latest images, released at the conference by Athena
Coustenis of the Paris-Meudon Observatory in France, confirm the
existence of a bright region similar in size to Australia extending
for 50 degrees of longitude along the moon's equator. Within this
bright area are three distinct brighter regions, which Coustenis
believes could be individual peaks.
The images were taken at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope on
Mauna Kea, Hawaii, using an infrared camera equipped with an adaptive
optics system to produce sharper images. The infrared images use
wavelengths of light that can peer through Titan's layer of clouds
that shield the surface from view at visible wavelengths.
The images are not the first views of the surface of Titan,
Saturn's largest moon and the second largest moon in the solar system,
after Jupiter's moon Ganymede. Images taken last year by the giant
Keck Observatory atop Mauna Kea also revealed the same large plateau,
as well as dark regions that may be oceans of liquid hydrocarbons.
The region thought to be a mountainous plateau was also seen
in Hubble Space Telescope images in 1994 that provided astronomers
with their first glimpse of Titan's surface. Peter Smith, the
University of Arizona planetary scientist who made the discovery, is
among those who believe the structure is made of solid methane ice.
"There is a lot of water ice on Titan, and at 90 degrees
Kelvin [-183 degrees Celsius, -298 degrees Fahrenheit] ice is as
strong as granite, so you can make big mountains out of it," he said.
The existence of mountains of methane ice, though, implies the
existence of a methane ocean, he said. "I think what we see as the
bright region is a very large range of ice mountains," he said.
"You've got a constant wind that blows up the wet air from the methane
ocean. The air freezes out, and clouds form on the top of these
mountains. The rain is methane rain that erodes these hills and
exposes fresh ice, which is very bright."
The existence of methane gas in the atmosphere, which would be
destroyed by ultraviolet light in just 10,000 years without a source
supplying it, is additional evidence for methane oceans, and thus
methane ice mountains.
"It cannot be solid methane ice, because it would not give off
much methane gas," he explained. "So it is probably some source of
liquid methane, and liquid methane is stable on the surface if it's
mixed with ethene, which also exists on Titan. The boiling point of
the combination of the two is very close to the surface temperature.
You would then have a source of liquid, although it would be probably
mushy, gunky, and very dark."
A final answer many not come until 2004, when the Cassini
spacecraft arrives at Saturn and the European-built Huygens probe is
deployed from the spacecraft into Titan's atmosphere. The current
target for the probe is the western edge of the bright mountainous
region. "We're hoping that the wind will blow the probe east, as
close to that region as possible," Smith said.
One of Huygen's instruments is a set of spectrometers that
will look for methane on the moon's surface. It will be coupled with
images that provide a series of panorama from the upper atmosphere
down to the surface, "The information we'll get out of these images
will be absolutely stupendous," he said.
Boeing Releases Final Report on Delta 3 Failure
On the eve of the booster's return to flight, Boeing this week
released the final report on failure of the last Delta 3 launch last
year.
The report, released Wednesday, concurs with an interim
investigation into the May 1999 failure that concluded that a faulty
weld in the combustion chamber of an upper-stage engine caused an
explosion that stranded its communication satellite payload in low
Earth orbit.
"This report substantiates the results of the interim report,"
the final report noted, pinning them blame for the accident on a
defective braze in the combustion chamber of the RL10B-2 upper stage
engine that caused a breach of the chamber a few seconds after the
stage restarted. This, in turn, caused the engine to shut down
prematurely and the upper stage, its Orion 3 satellite payload still
attached, began to tumble.
A series of events, starting with a manufacturing defect, led
to the failure of the weld, according to the report. Leaks in the
weld were noticed two different times during ground tests, but were
repaired. Investigators believe the braze may have partially failed
when the upper-stage engine was first fired early in the flight, then
sustained addition damages from stresses when the engine shut down.
The weld then failed catastrophically when the engine was restarted to
boost the satellite towards geosynchronous orbit.
The report identified a set of corrective actions to prevent
the accident from happening again. Those actions, which include an
improved braze process and ultrasonic inspection of the welds, were
implemented by the end of last year. A set of tests and analyses to
make sure those changes were correctly implemented was completed in
April of this year.
The report was released just a week before the Delta 3 returns
to flight. The booster is scheduled to lift off on "Delta Mission -
Flight 3" during a four-hour launch window that opens at 7 am EDT
(1100 UT) Wednesday, August 23, from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
The booster will place into orbit a dummy payload that
simulates the flight characteristics of the communications payloads
the Delta 3 would normally launch. Boeing decided in June to launch
the test payload when it could find no commercial payloads that would
allow them to launch the booster in the near term. Boeing wanted to
return the Delta 3 to flight as soon as possible to restore industry
confidence in the booster, which failed in its first two launches.
The payload will serve some purposes besides proving out the
Delta 3. Boeing painted the midsection and top plate of the spool-
shaped payload in alternating black and white stripes to aid in the
observation of the spacecraft by groundbased observers. Those stripes,
along with laser reflectors added to the spacecraft, will allow it to
be tracked from the ground for studies into thermal and payload
dynamics models by the U.S. Air Force and the Colorado Center for
Astrodynamics Research.
Old Galaxies May Revise Theories of Galaxy Formation
Astronomers may be forced to revise theories of galaxy
formation after the recent discovery of galaxies far older than
expected.
Astronomers at Durham University in the U.K. reported last
week that they had discovered a number of galaxies with a redshift
between 4 and 6. Redshift is a cosmological measure of the degree by
which light from the galaxy has been Doppler shifted towards longer,
or redder, wavelengths, and is thus a measure of how far away a galaxy
is given the expansion of the universe.
Redshifts in the range of 4 to 6 correspond to distances of
around 10 billion light-years, which implies not only that the
galaxies are very distant, they are also at least 10 billion years
old, or no more than a few billion years younger than the universe
itself. These results challenge earlier theories, which predict that
galaxies formed much later in the universe's history and thus should
not be found at such high redshifts.
"Four years ago, we described the galaxies we found at with
redshifts of 2 as being at 'The Final Frontier' because we thought
that just beyond them we might be looking back to a time before
galaxies formed," said Tom Shanks, head of the Durham University
group. "Now that large numbers of galaxies at even higher redshifts
have been found, we feel entitled to describe them as being 'Beyond
the Final Frontier'!"
The discovery is not the first time such distant galaxies have
been discovered -- earlier this year another astronomer reported the
possible discovery of a galaxy at a redshift of 12.5 -- but the recent
discoveries now lead astronomers to believe that galaxies at high
redshifts may be as common as those at low ones.
Discovering galaxies at even higher redshifts is a challenge
to astronomers now, based on limitations of the size of telescopes and
their effectiveness at the infrared wavelengths the light from the
galaxies is redshifted into. The discovery by the Durham group was
made with data from two groundbased telescopes, the William Herschel
and Calar Alto Telescopes, as well as the Hubble Space Telescope.
Searches for those galaxies may have to wait until the
development of new infrared camera for existing large telescopes as
well as construction of new large telescopes, including the Next
Generation Space Telescope (NGST) that NASA plans to launch late this
decade.
Light and Radio Pollution a Growing Threat to Astronomy
The growing number of artificial light and radio sources
threaten to drown out views of the heavens for future generations,
astronomers warned this week.
Speaking at a meeting of the International Astronomical Union
(IAU) in Manchester, England, astronomers said the problem of light
pollution from streetlights, signs, and other sources of light, as
well as radars and television transmissions at radio wavelengths, is
becoming critical as the sources of this pollution increase.
"Bit by bit, without realizing, we are all losing a direct
connection with the universe," said Malcolm Smith, director of the
Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory in Chile. "Human culture, from
philosophy to religion, from art to literature and science, has always
developed in relationship with the night sky and the universe beyond.
Are we going to deprive future generations unnecessarily?"
Scientists have known for years that good lighting design,
such as shields on streetlights that keep their light from going up,
can significantly reduce light pollution as well as reduce overall
lighting costs. However, communities have in general been reluctant
to implement these changes, resulting in an escalating problem of
light pollution.
"Look around your city or town. See how many street lamps
allow plenty of light to shine upwards. Count how many stars you can
see," challenged Smith. "If you are old enough to remember how the
sky looked 30 years ago, could you see the Milky Way then? Can you
now?"
While some people have dismissed light pollution as simply a
problem for a small minority of people who are astronomers or who have
an interest in the night sky, Smith said that such pollution has a
greater environmental impact. "Light pollution is one of the most
rapidly increasing alterations to the natural environment created by
humans," he said. "Reported adverse effects of this fog of artificial
light involve plants and animals as well as humankind."
Light pollution concerns are not limited to visible
wavelengths of light alone. Radio astronomers have expressed growing
concern about the interference signals from radars, television and
radio broadcasts, and even mobile phones, pose to their work. With
radio telescopes tuned to detect extremely faint signals from great
distances -- the 75-meter (250-foot) radio telescope at Jodrell Bank,
England is powerful enough to detect the transmissions from a single
mobile phone on Mars -- terrestrial interference from much stronger
sources poses a major problem.
Satellite transmissions are also a problem to radio astronomy.
Transmissions from Global Position System satellites can trigger false
alarms for SETI programs, and the threat of powerful transmissions
from the now-defunct Iridium constellation of communications
satellites required radio astronomers to work out special agreements
with the company to reduce the power of satellite transmissions at
some times.
Because of these problems, astronomers at the IAU meeting said
they are working with regulatory agencies to preserve some radio
wavelengths for astronomy work, as was accomplished in June, when the
International Telecommunication Union set aside a range of frequencies
for use in astronomy rather than telecommunications work.
Astronomers also propose the creation of "radio quiet zones"
on Earth where radio telescopes, such as the proposed giant Square
Kilometer Array, could be established with far less concerns about
interference.
NASA to Test Laser "Broom" to Clean Space Junk
NASA plans to test a laser system in 2003 that may help clear
low-Earth orbit of debris that could pose a risk to the shuttle and
space station.
New Scientist magazine reported in its current issue that a
shuttle flight in 2003 will test Project Orion, a groundbased laser
system that would act as a "broom", sweeping out small debris from
orbit.
During the mission the shuttle will release small instrumented
objects designed to simulate space debris. The objects will be
equipped with GPS receivers so that their positions can be tracked as
they are illuminated by a groundbased megawatt-power laser. The laser
will vaporize part of the object's surface, creating a small amount of
thrust that slows the object down and eventually causes it to reenter
the Earth's atmosphere.
If successful, the system could be used to clear out low-Earth
orbit of small pieces of orbital debris that, because of their high
velocities, can cause significant damage if they strike a spacecraft.
"With a laser system we could clear from orbit all the debris between
1 and 10 centimeters [0.4 to 4 inches] in size within two years," said
Jonathan Campbell, head of the Project Orion effort at NASA's Marshall
Space Flight Center.
That size range is significant because debris of that size
poses the greatest risk. Shielding on spacecraft can protect them
from objects smaller than 1 cm (0.4 in.), while those larger than 10
cm (4 in.) across can be tracked from the ground and spacecraft moved
to avoid them. Between 1 and 10 cm, though, are objects too small to
be tracked from the ground and too large to be effectively shielded
against.
Campbell and others involved with Project Orion (first
described in SpaceViews in 1997) are optimistic that lasers can clear
low-Earth orbits effectively and at a relatively modest cost. "We now
know we can decelerate and de-orbit the debris with the types of laser
that are available to us," based on a series of recent tests on the
ground, he said.
A two-year effort to clear debris from orbit would cost about
$200 million, Campbell estimated. By comparison, the cost of a single
space shuttle mission has been estimated to be as much as a half-
billion dollars.
SpaceViews Event Horizon
August 23 Delta 3 demonstration launch of a dummy payload from
Cape Canaveral, Florida between 7:00 and 11:00 am EDT
(1100 to 1500 UT).
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=966253475&type=D
August 25 Russian Dnepr launch of five small spacecraft from
Baikonur, Kazakhstan.
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=966856648&type=D
August 26 Proton launch of the Globus-1 communications satellite
from Baikonur, Kazakhstan.
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=966856938&type=D
September 5 Proton launch of the Sirius 2 radio broadcasting
satellite from Baikonur, Kazakstan.
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=966856768&type=D
September 6 Ariane 4 launch of the Eutelsat W1R communications
satellite from Kourou, French Guiana
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=966856853&type=D
September 8 Shuttle Atlantis launch on mission STS-106 from the
Kennedy Space Center, Florida at 8:31 am EDT (1231 UT).
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=966253545&type=D
September 8-10 SpaceFest 2000, Sand Point Park, Titusville, FL
http://www.coola.com/cgi-bin/addinfo.cgi?pid=10003&rid=966857026&type=D
Other News
Future Shuttle Delay? The launch of a shuttle mission currently
planned for October could be delayed because a problem with its
payload, according to reports published over the weekend. A set of
Control Moment Gyros will be installed on the station during the
mission to help in the station's attitude control, but may need
repairs prior to launch. The repairs could be done in parallel with
other shuttle processing, officials said, which means they could be
completed without delaying the early October launch date for the
shuttle Discovery.
Dreamtime Departure: Just two and a half months after winning a
lucrative multimedia deal with NASA, Dreamtime has lost its CEO.
Carleton Ruthling left the company, based in California's Silicon
Valley, for undisclosed reasons this month, Aviation Now reported last
week. In early June NASA announced that Dreamtime had won a
competition to become NASA's multimedia partner, providing high-
resolution video from the International Space Station and digitizing
portions of NASA's archives, providing some content for free and
selling others to make a profit, of which NASA would get a cut.
Ruthling, who has worked in both the aerospace and Internet
industries, had told SpaceViews in June that he and his company were
in for the long haul. "It's a long-term project, and people are
excited about it now," he said a week after the NASA announcement.
"We need to focus on the long term that we're doing the right thing."
New Mission Control Training Center: Just as astronauts prepare for
shuttle missions in simulators, mission controllers now have a
simulated control center to train for missions. The training Flight
Control Room, opened last week at NASA's Johnson Space Center, is a
replica of existing control rooms used for shuttle missions and the
space station. The room will be used to train controllers for a
future missions. Controllers had trained in the past in the actual
control rooms, but with permanent station occupancy and a busy
schedule of shuttle missions coming up, NASA decided a dedicated
training center was necessary to provide controllers with enough
training time. "Opening this room is a milestone -- it prepares us
for the start of a new era in Mission Control beginning in just a few
months," said flight director Kelly Beck. "It will be an era where 24
hours a day, 7 days a week, year after year, teams in Houston will be
working with astronauts in space."
Space Border Dispute: Foreign ministers from the South American
nations of Guyana and Venezuela plan to meet this week in advance of a
presidential summit over a border dispute that has commercial space
implications. Venezuela has long claimed that Guyana's western
Essequibo region belongs to it, a dispute that flared up earlier this
year when Guyana said it had reached a deal with Texas-based Beal
Aerospace to build a launch site there for the company's BA-2
expendable boosters. Venezuela said it should have been consulted
before Guyana reached the agreement with Beal, flaring up the border
dispute over an area that is also rich in oil and other natural
resources. Presidents of the two countries plan to meet in Brazil
late this month to discuss the disputed region.
Cosmology Prize Winners: Two astronomers were named as the inaugural
winners of the first prize dedicated to the field of cosmology last
week. Allan Sandage of the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution
and Phillip J. E. Peebles of Princeton University were named as
winners of the Cosmology Prize of the Peter Gruber Foundation, a new
prize to honor those who have contributed to a greater understanding
of the universe. One $150,000 prize will be awarded annually, but two
were given out this year to inaugurate the prize. The foundation will
also provide funds for a fellowship program to support young
astronomers entering the field of cosmology.
Briefly: After two weeks at the top of box office charts, "Space
Cowboys" slipped to third this past weekend, as two new releases, "The
Cell" and "The Kings of Comedy", beat out the Clint Eastwood space
flick. "Space Cowboys" grossed $9.9 million over the weekend, Variety
reported late Sunday, and has brought in $54.2 million since its
August 4 release: more at this time since its opening than two other
Eastwood movies, "Unforgiven" and "In the Line of Fire", that each
eventually brought in over $100 million... Start making your Christmas
lists now: Action Products announced Friday it reached a five-year
licensing agreement with a group of veteran former astronauts,
including Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin. The first product of the
partnership will be the "Ultimate Saturn 5 Rocket Buzz Aldrin
Signature Series", a three-foot (0.9-meter) replica of a Saturn 5,
complete with sound effects, staging, and an "Astronaut Training
Manual."
========
This has been the August 21, 2000, issue of SpaceViews.
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