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发信人: murjun (萧牧), 信区: Aero
标 题: 关于BIG BANG的新发现(EN)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年11月18日18:19:41 星期二), 站内信件
Donald Savage
Headquarters, Washington
(Phone: 202/358-1547)
Steve Roy
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
(Phone: 256/544-6535)
Megan Watzke
Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, CFA, Cambridge, Mass.
(Phone: 617/496-7998)
November 17, 2003
RELEASE : 03-367
Most Distant X-Ray Jet Discovered Provides Clues to Big Bang
Image left: Chandra captures spiral galaxy's violent, restless nature. Photo
credit: NASA/CXC/Penn State/S. Immler et al.
The most distant jet ever observed was discovered in an image of a quasar made
by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory.
Extending more than 100,000 light-years from the supermassive black hole power
ing the quasar, the jet of high-energy particles provides astronomers with inf
ormation about the intensity of the cosmic microwave background radiation 12 b
illion years ago. The discovery of this jet was a surprise to the astronomers,
according to team members. Astronomers had previously known the distant quasa
r GB1508+5714 to be a powerful X-ray source, but there had been no indication
in previous images of any complex structure or a jet.
"This jet is especially significant because it allows us to probe the cosmic b
ackground radiation 1.4 billion years after the big bang," said Aneta Siemigin
owska of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass.,
lead author of a report on this research in the November 20 Astrophysical Jour
nal Letters. Prior to this discovery, the most distant confirmed X-ray jet cor
responded to a time about 3 billion years after the big bang.
Quasars are thought to be galaxies that harbor an active central supermassive
black hole fueled by infalling gas and stars. This accretion process is often
observed to be accompanied by the generation of powerful high-energy jets.
As the electrons in the jet fly away from the quasar at near the speed of ligh
t, they move through the sea of cosmic background radiation left over from the
hot early phase of the universe.
When a fast-moving electron collides with one of these background photons, it
can boost the photon's energy up into the X-ray band. The X-ray brightness of
the jet depends on the power in the electron beam and the intensity of the bac
kground radiation."Everyone assumes that the background radiation will change
in a predictable way with time, but it is important to have this check on the
predictions," said Siemiginowska. "This jet is hopefully just the first in a l
arge sample of these distant objects that can be used to tell us how the inten
sity of the cosmic microwave background changed over time."
"In fact, if this interpretation is correct, then discovery of this jet is con
sistent with our previous prediction that X-ray jets can be detected at arbitr
arily large distances!" said team member Dan Schwartz, also of the Harvard-Smi
thsonian Center for Astrophysics.
Chandra originally observed GB 1508+5714 with the purpose of studying the X-ra
y emission from the dust located between the Earth and the far-flung quasar. T
he jet was found by Siemiginowska and her colleagues when they examined the da
ta once it became available publicly in the Chandra archive.
This led another astronomer to then carefully look at radio observations of th
e object. Indeed, archived Very Large Array data confirmed the existence of th
e jet associated with the quasar GB 1508+5714. A paper on the radio observatio
ns of GB 1509+5714 has been accepted by Astrophysical Journal Letters from Ted
dy Cheung of Brandeis University in Waltham, Mass.
Another group of astronomers led by Weimen Yuan of the University of Cambridge
, United Kingdom, independently reported the discovery of the extended emissio
n in GB 1508+5714 in X-rays. In a paper to be published in an upcoming issue o
f the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, the authors note that
significant energy is being deposited in the outer regions of the host galaxy
at a very early stage. This energy input could have a profound effect on the
evolution of the galaxy by triggering the formation of stars, or inhibiting th
e growth of the galaxy through accretion of matter from intergalactic space.
NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala., manages the Chandra pro
gram for the Office of Space Science, NASA Headquarters, Washington. Northrop
Grumman of Redondo Beach, Calif., formerly TRW, Inc., was the prime developmen
t contractor for the observatory. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory co
ntrols science and flight operations from the Chandra X-ray Center in Cambridg
e, Mass.
Additional information on these results can be found at:
http://chandra.harvard.edu
and
http://chandra.nasa.gov
- end -
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我非常喜欢在有风有雨的季节计划自己;
有风有雨后的季节晒着阳光我昏昏睡去;
睡去的我依然在甜梦中将曾有过的温习;
温习昨天前天等等的种种激情与过去。
Jim Mural
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