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发信人: murjun (萧牧), 信区: Aero
标 题: 旅行者探测器以接近太阳系边缘(EN)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年11月06日12:31:45 星期四), 站内信件
November 5, 2003
Nancy Neal/Bill Steigerwald
Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Md.
(Phone: 301/286-0039/8955)
Carolina Carnalla-Martinez
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, Calif.
(Phone: 818/354-9382)
RELEASE: 03-354
VOYAGER APPROACHING SOLAR SYSTEM'S FINAL FRONTIER
NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft is about to make history again.
It is the first spacecraft to enter the solar system's
final frontier, a vast expanse where wind from the sun
blows hot against thin gas between the stars: interstellar
space.
However, before it reaches this region, Voyager 1 must pass
through the termination shock, a violent zone that is the
source of beams of high-energy particles. Voyager's journey
through this turbulent zone will give scientists the first
direct measurements of our solar system's unexplored final
frontier, the heliosheath. Scientists are debating if this
passage has already begun. Two papers about this research
are being published in Nature today.
The first paper, by Dr. Stamatios Krimigis of the Johns
Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Md.,
and his team, supports the claim Voyager 1 passed beyond
the termination shock. The second paper, by Dr. Frank
McDonald of the University of Maryland, College Park, Md.,
and his team, disputes the claim. A third paper, published
October 30 in Geophysical Research Letters by GSFC's Dr.
Leonard Burlaga, and collaborators, states Voyager 1 did
not pass beyond the termination shock.
"Voyager 1 has seen striking signs of the region deep in
space where a giant shock wave forms, as the wind from the
sun abruptly slows and presses outward against the
interstellar wind. The observations surprised and puzzled
us, so there is much to be discovered as it begins
exploring this new region at the outer edge of the solar
system," said Dr. Edward Stone, Voyager Project Scientist,
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
Launched on September 5, 1977, Voyager explored the giant
planets Jupiter and Saturn before being tossed out toward
deep space by Saturn's gravity. It is approaching, and may
have temporarily entered, the region beyond termination
shock. At more than eight billion miles from the sun,
Voyager 1 is the most distant object from Earth built by
humanity.
The termination shock is where the solar wind, a thin stream
of electrically charged gas blown constantly from the sun,
is slowed by pressure from gas between the stars. At the
termination shock, the solar wind slows abruptly from its
average speed of 700,000 to 1,500,000 mph.
Estimating the location of the termination shock is hard,
because we don't know the precise conditions in
interstellar space. We do know speed and pressure of the
solar wind changes, which causes the termination shock to
expand, contract and ripple.
From about August 1, 2002, to February 5, 2003, scientists
noticed unusual readings from the two energetic-particle
instruments on Voyager 1, indicating it had entered a
region of the solar system unlike any previously
encountered. This led some to claim Voyager 1 may have
entered a transitory feature of the termination shock.
The controversy would be resolved if Voyager could measure
the speed of the solar wind, because the solar wind slows
abruptly at the termination shock. However, the instrument
that measured solar wind speed no longer functions on the
venerable spacecraft. Scientists must use data from
instruments still working to infer if Voyager pierced the
termination shock.
"We have used an indirect technique to show the solar wind
slowed down from about 700,000 mph to much less than
100,000 mph. We used this same technique when the
instrument measuring the solar wind speed was still
working. The agreement between the two measurements was
better than 20 percent in most cases," Krimigis said.
"The analysis of the Voyager 1 magnetic field observations
in late 2002 indicate that it did not enter a new region of
the distant heliosphere by having crossed the termination
shock. Rather, the magnetic field data had the
characteristics to be expected based upon many years of
previous observations, although the intensity of energetic
particles observed is unusually high," Burlaga said.
The Voyager spacecraft were built and are operated by JPL.
The Voyagers were equipped with three radioisotope
thermoelectric generators to produce electrical power for
the spacecrafts' systems and instruments. Steadily
operating for 26 years, the Voyagers owe their longevity to
these generators, which produce electricity from the heat
generated by the natural decay of plutonium dioxide. For
images, animation and the complete press release on the
Internet, visit:
http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2003/1105voyager.html
-end-
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我非常喜欢在有风有雨的季节计划自己;
有风有雨后的季节晒着阳光我昏昏睡去;
睡去的我依然在甜梦中将曾有过的温习;
温习昨天前天等等的种种激情与过去。
Jim Mural
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