Chemistry 版 (精华区)
发信人: ljlinjie (waterdog), 信区: Chemistry
标 题: 塑料电子学
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Sat Sep 18 13:01:27 2004), 转信
Nanowires line up for plastic electronics
Scientists from Nanosys in the US have used semiconductor nanowires
and nanoribbons to make thin-film transistors with good electrical
performance. By separating the growth of the nanowires and ribbons
from the substrate-coating process, the team was able to apply the
nanomaterials at room temperature to both silicon and plastic
substrates. The technology could find use in a broad range of
applications in macroelectronics such as flat-panel displays and
radio-frequency communications. It could also be used in disposable
computing and storage electronics, and for ‘smart textiles’ or ‘
electronic paper' (X Duan et al. 2003 Nature 425 274).
“We have made a general conceptual breakthrough by taking
nanoelectronics in a new direction: exploiting nanomaterials not for
electronic miniaturization, but for better and cheaper electronics
over large areas,” said team member Xiangfeng Duan. “We have assembled
nanowires into densely packed oriented thin films that can undergo
conventional electronic fabrication processes. Since we only use
conventional electronic fabrication processes, our technology may lead
to the first practical and scalable nanomaterial-enabled electronics.”
Thin-film transistor team
To create a nanowire thin-film transistor, the scientists grew p-type
silicon nanowires by catalytic chemical vapour deposition. Then they
dispersed the wires into solution and used flow-directed alignment to
assemble them on the substrate surface at room temperature. This created
an oriented monolayer of nanowires with an average interwire spacing of
500-1000 nm, over areas as large as a four-inch wafer. Finally, Duan
and colleagues used standard lithography followed by metallization to
define source and drain electrodes for the thin-film transistor.
“In amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors,
carriers have to travel across multiple grain boundaries, but
nanowire thin-film transistors have a perfect conducting channel
formed by multiple single-crystal nanowire paths in parallel - like a
log bridge,” explained Duan. “This ensures single-crystal carrier
paths all the way across the source and drain electrodes, for high
carrier mobility. We have demonstrated silicon nanowire thin-film
transistors with a carrier mobility of about 100 cm2/Vs - far better
than the current macroelectronic technologies of amorphous silicon or
organic electronics, which typically have a mobility of less than 1
cm2Vs.”
Moreover, the technique can exploit a broad range of substances as the
channel material. As an example, Duan and the team made a thin-film
transistor on a silicon substrate from single-crystal nanoribbons of
CdS, a material that has useful optical and electrical properties.
The team also made a silicon nanowire thin-film transistor on a
plastic substrate made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The transistor
had a threshold voltage of about 3 V, an on-off ratio above 105, and a
sub-threshold swing of 500-800 mV per decade. According to the
researchers these values are among the best reported for thin-film
transistors on plastic. Slight flexing of the plastic did not
significantly affect the device’s properties.
“Our work has the potential to move electronics from single-crystal
substrates to glass and plastic substrates, and to integrate
macroelectronics, microelectronics - and potentially nanoelectronics -
at device level,” said Chunming Niu, director of chemistry at Nanosys.
About the author
Liz Kalaugher is Editor of nanotechweb.org.
--
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