Chemistry 版 (精华区)
发信人: Appolo (want come back my friends ), 信区: Chemistry
标 题: Finding Use for Carbon Monoxide in Fuel Cells
发信站: BBS 哈工大紫丁香站 (Mon Nov 15 18:50:51 2004)
Carbon monoxide (CO) is usually an unwanted byproduct of fossil fuel reforming
reactions to produce hydrogen (H2) for fuels cells because it can poison the
typical fuel cell's platinum catalyst. A standard way to remove CO from gas st
reams is by reacting it with steam to produce CO2 and H2 (also known as the wa
ter-gas shift (WGS) reaction). But, additional steps are then required to redu
ce the CO levels before the H2 enters a fuel cell.
A team of researchers at the Univ. of Wisconsin (Madison; www.engr.wisc.edu/ch
e/) led by chemical and biological engineering professor James Dumesic has dem
onstrated a process for oxidizing CO that bypasses the WGS reaction and genera
tes additional electricity in the process. In the new route, atoms (H+) - rath
er than H2 - are formed in solution as polyoxometalate (POM) ions are reduced.
The reduced POM can subsequently be reversibly oxidized and used to supply el
ectrons to a secondary fuel cell to generate electricity.
As reported in the Aug. 27 issue of Science, the new process involves the reac
tion of CO, ·'; water and polyoxometalate (POM; H3PMo2O40), an environmentall
y benign compound, in the presence of a gold catalyst at room temperature. CO
is converted to CO2 and hydrogen atoms (H+) - rather than H2 -are formed in so
lution as the POM is reduced. The reduced POM can subsequently be reversibly o
xidized and used to supply electrons to a secondary fuel cell to generate elec
tricity - it accepts electrons during the oxidation of CO and releases electro
ns in the fuel upon reaction with O2 to produce electrical energy from CO, the
reby eliminating the need to convert CO with H2O to gaseous H2 and CO2 in an i
ntermediate reaction for power generation.
The overall efficiency for production of energy from the ethylene glycol fuel
by this process is equal to 40% when the H2 produced from this compound is sup
plied to a conventional PEM fuel cell, and the energy from the CO is extracted
by the POM redox shuttle. Unlike traditional biomass-derived fuel reforming,
this process does not require water, says Dumesic. The overall energy content
of ethylene glycol per unit volume is equivalent to 60% of the energy content
of octane. Dumesic's team believes their work will cultivate a new generation
of inexpensive fuel cells that can operate with solutions of reduced POM compo
unds. The researchers found that good current densities (up to 20 mW/cm2) can
be generated using a simple carbon anode.
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