Chemistry 版 (精华区)
发信人: Appolo (want come back my friends ), 信区: Chemistry
标 题: SOFC Research Tackles Temperature Problems
发信站: BBS 哈工大紫丁香站 (Mon Nov 15 18:51:23 2004)
For several years now the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has been urging the
fuel cell community to solve a major problem in the design of solid oxide fuel
cells (SOFCs): heat. Such fuel cells could someday provide reliable power for
homes and industry, dramatically cutting greenhouse gas emissions as well as
other pollutants.
But SOFCs run hot, at temperatures as high as 1000 degrees C (about 1800 degre
es F). They're efficient at such temperatures, but only a few costly materials
can withstand the heat. Using such materials makes things expensive, and is t
he reason for the push for lower temperatures by the DOE.
Sossina Haile, an associate professor of materials science and chemical engine
ering at the California Institute of Technology, is an expert in fuel cells, a
nd she has been whittling away at the heat problem for years. Now she and her
colleagues have not only solved the problem, they've smashed it. They've broug
ht the temperature down to about 600 degrees C (1100 degrees F), while achievi
ng more power output than others are achieving at the higher temperatures - ab
out 1 watt per square centimeter of fuel cell area.
They accomplished this by changing the chemical composition of one component o
f a fuel cell called the cathode. The cathode is where air is fed in to the fu
el cell, and it's where the oxygen is electrochemically reduced to oxygen ions
. The oxygen ions then migrate across the electrolyte (which conducts electric
ity), to react with fuel at the anode, another fuel cell component. The electr
ochemical reduction of oxygen is an essential step in the fuel cell's process
of generating power. But the problem with running solid oxide fuel cells at 50
0-700 degrees C is that the cathode becomes inactive when the temperature is l
ess than about 800 degrees C.
Haile and postdoctoral scholar Zongping Shao's insight was to switch out the c
onventional cathode and replace it with a compound that has a long chemical fo
rmula guaranteed to strike fear into the heart of every undergraduate, but is
abbreviated as "BSCF".
What BSCF can do that standard cathodes can't is to allow the oxygen to diffus
e through it very rapidly. "In conventional cathodes, the oxygen diffuses slow
ly, so that even if the electrochemical reaction is fast, the oxygen ions are
slow in getting to the electrolyte," said Haile. "In BSCF the electrochemical
reaction is fast and the oxygen ion transport is fast. You have the best combi
nation of properties." This combination is what gives the very high power outp
uts from Haile's fuel cells.
The work was reported in a recent issue of the journal Nature. Because they ar
e using relatively conventional anodes and electrolytes with this new cathode,
said Haile, it would be easy to switch out cathodes in existing fuel cells. T
hat will probably be their next step, said Haile: to partner with a company to
produce the next generation of solid-oxide fuel cells (Shao Z, Haile SM, A hi
gh-performance cathode for the next generation of solid-oxide fuel cells. Natu
re, 2004;431(7005):170-3). This article was prepared by Biotech Week editors f
rom staff and other reports. Copyright 2004, Biotech Week via NewsRx.com & New
sRx.net.
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