Electronics 版 (精华区)
发信人: zjliu (秋天的萝卜), 信区: Electronics
标 题: Measurement Dictionary
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Fri May 7 20:43:30 2004), 站内信件
Measurement Dictionary
Below is a handy reference guide for electrical measurements, listed in alphab
et
ical order...
A
ACCURACY
A measure of the difference between a multimeter's reading to that of a primar
y,
traceable standard. This is ususlly specified as a percent of reading plus a
p
ercentage of range (percentage of range is often referred to as display counts
o
r digits). The percentage of reading is most significant when the reading is
cl
ose to full scale, while the percentage of range is most significant when the
re
ading is a small fraction of full scale.
Example Accuracy Calculation: 1VDC Measurement on the 4V Range
Displayed value 1.000V
Accuracy 4V Range = ?(0.5%rdg+2dgt)
Error ?(1.000V x 0.5%+0.2V*) = ?0.7V
*2dgt on the 4V range corresponds to 0.2V
Calculation 1.000V?0.7V
True value In a range of 0.993V~1.007V
A/D (ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL) CONVERTER
An electronic device, often an integrated circuit, that converts an analog vol
ta
ge to a digital value. All digital multimeters use an A/D converter to convert
t
he input signal into digital information.
AUTOPOLARITY
The ability of a meter to measure and display an input of either polarity with
ou
t switching the input leads.
AUTORANGING
The ability of a meter to switch among ranges automatically. The ranges are us
ua
lly in decade steps.
AVERAGE RESPONDING
A measurement where the displayed value is proportional to the average of the
ab
solute values of all input waveforms within a specified frequency range. It is
c
alibrated in the rms value of a sine wave.
B
BANDWIDTH
The highest frequency signal component that can pass through input amplifiers
an
d/or filters without being attenuated.
BIPOLAR
An analog signal range that includes both positive and negative values.
C
CAPACITANCE
In a capacitor or system of conductors and dielectrics, the property that perm
it
s the storage of electrically separated charges when potential differences exi
st
between the conductors. Capacitance is related to charge and voltage as follo
ws
: C = Q/V, where C is the capacitance in farads, Q is the charge in coulombs..
d V is the voltage in volts.
CAPACITANCE METER
Any meter that measures capacitance.
COLD JUNCTION
The junction in a thermocouple circuit that is held at a stable known temperat
ur
e. Also known as reference junction.
COLD-JUNCTION COMPENSATION
A method of compensating for ambient temperature variations in thermocouple ci
rc
uits.
COMMON MODE VOLTAGE
A voltage between input low and chassis ground of a meter.
CONNECTION PATH
The cables, connectors, switch cards, etc. between the device under test (DUT)
a
nd themeter. Its major parts are the conductors making the connection and the
in
sulators isolating the conductors from the rest of the world.
CONVERSION
A process where a signal is changed from an analog to digital (A-D) representa
ti
on, or digital to analog (D-A).
CONVERSION RATE
The rate at which sampled analog data is converted to digital data or digital
da
ta is converted to analog data.
CREST FACTOR
The ratio of the peak value to the root-mean-square (rms) value of a waveform.
D
DIFFERENTIAL INPUTS
An analog input with two input terminals, neither of which is grounded, whose
va
lue is the difference between the two terminals.
DMM
An electronic meter that measures voltage, current, resistance, or other elect
ri
cal parameters by converting the analog signal to digital information and disp
la
y. The typical five-function DMM measures DC volts, DC amps, AC volts, AC amps
,
and resistance.
DUTY RATIO
The ratio of pulse width to repetition period. Also known as Duty Cycle.
DYNAMIC DATA EXCHANGE (DDE)
A Microsoft Windows standard mechanism for communication between programs. It
al
lows your application to send and share data with other applications such as s
pr
eadsheets.
F
FLOATING
The condition where a common mode voltage exists between an earth ground and t
he
meter or circuit of interest. (Low of circuit is not at earth potential.)
FOUR-TERMINAL RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT
A measurement where two leads are used to supply current to the unknown and tw
o
different leads are used to sense the voltage drop across the resistance.
G
GROUND
A common reference point for an electrical system.
I
IEEE
Abbreviation for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
INPUT IMPEDANCE
The shunt resistance and capacitance (or inductance) as measured at the input
te
rminals, not including effects of input bias or offset currents.
INSULATION RESISTANCE
The ohmic resistance of insulation. It degrades quickly as humidity increases.
INSULATON
A material that does not significantly conduct electrical current.
INTEGRATING CONVERSION
An analog to digital conversion process where the output results in a digital
re
presentation of the integral of the input signal over a specified time interva
l.
K
KELVIN CONTACTS
A means for testing or making measurements in electronic devices and circuits,
p
articularly when low values are being measured. Two sets of leads are used at
ea
ch test point, similar with respect to thickness, material and length; one set
c
arries the test signal and the other connects with the measuring meter. The ef
fe
ct of resistance in the leads is thus eliminated.
L
LCZ METER
Inductance (L), capacitance (C), impedance (Z) meter. A general purpose meter
fo
r measuring component L, C. and Z. Sometimes called LCR meter.
LEAKAGE CURRENT
Leakage current is any unwanted current that flows when test voltage is applie
d.
The ideal leakage current is zero. Leakage currents can originate in meters,
ca
bles, or the device being tested. Even high resistance paths between low curre
nt
conductors and nearby voltage sources can generate significant leakage curren
ts
.
LINEARITY
The maximum deviation from a straight line between meter readings at zero and
fu
ll range. It is expressed in percent.
M
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT
The maximum DC plus peak AC value (voltage or current) that can be applied bet
we
en the high and low input measuring terminals without damaging the meter.
MULTIPLEX
Connecting one meter to multiple devices under test or multiple meters to one
de
vice under test.
N
NOISE
An undesirable electrical signal from an external source such as an AC power l
in
e, motors, generators, transformers, fluorescent lights, CRT displays, compute
rs
, radio transmitters, and others.
NORMAL MODE REJECTION RATIO (NMRR)
The ability of an meter to reject interference (usually of line frequency) acr
os
s its input terminals. Usually expressed in decibels at a frequency.
NORMAL MODE VOLTAGE
A voltage applied between the input high and input low terminals of an meter.
O
OVERLOAD PROTECTION
A circuit that protects the meter against excessive current at the input termi
na
ls.
P
PEAK RESPONDING
A measurement where the displayed value is equal to the peak value of the inpu
t
signal.
R
RANGE
A continuous band of signal values that can be measured or sourced. In bipolar
m
eters, range includes positive and negative values.
RATED ACCURACY
The limit that errors will not exceed when the meter is used under specified o
pe
rating conditions. It is expressed as a percentage (of input or output) plus a
n
umber of counts.
RATIO MEASUREMENT
The measurement of a signal input with relation to an external reference input
.
READING
The displayed number that is proportional to the measured magnitude of the inp
ut
signal.
READING RATE
The rate at which the displayed number is updated.
RELIABILITY
The ability of a device to perform within the desired range over a measured pe
ri
od of time.
REPEATABILITY
The ability of a meter to measure the same input to the same value over a shor
t
period of time and over a narrow temperature range.
RESOLUTION
The smallest value of input (or output) signal, other than zero, that can be m
ea
sured (or sourced) and displayed. Also called sensitivity or minimum resolvabl
e
quantity.
RMS RESPONDING
A measurement where the displayed value is equal to the root-mean-square (rms)
o
f the input signal, for all input waveforms having components within the speci
fi
ed frequency range and crest factor limit.
S
SHORT-TERM ACCURACY
The limit that errors will not exceed during a 24-hour period of continuous op
er
ation. Unless specified, no zeroing or adjustments of any kind are permitted.
It
is expressed as a percentage of reading plus a number of counts over a specif
ie
d temperature range.
SIGNAL/NOISE RATIO
The ratio of the maximum signal that can be measured to the level detected wit
h
no signal present (noise level). It is expressed in decibels.
SINGLE-ENDED
The condition where the low terminal of a two-terminal meter is connected to a
s
pecific reference point, such as power line common, earth ground, or circuit c
om
mon.
T
THERMOCOUPLE
A temperature sensor created by joining two dissimilar metals. This junction c
re
ates a small voltage as a function of the temperature.
TTL
Abbreviation for transistor-transistor-logic. A popular logic circuit family t
ha
t uses multiple-emitter transistors. A low signal state is defined as a signal
0
.8V and below. A high signal state is defined as a signal +2.0V and above.
W
WARM-UP TIME
The time required after power is applied to a meter to achieve rated accuracy
at
referenced conditions.
Z
ZERO OFFSET
The reading (desired or undesired) that occurs when the input terminals of a m
et
er are shorted.
--------------
from:
http://justhandhelds.com/measurem.htm
--
--
╔═══════════════════╗
║★★★★★友谊第一 比赛第二★★★★★║
╚═══════════════════╝
※ 来源:.哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn [FROM: 202.118.229.162]
Powered by KBS BBS 2.0 (http://dev.kcn.cn)
页面执行时间:202.442毫秒