METech 版 (精华区)
发信人: hitter (请稍后...涅磐中), 信区: METech
标 题: ]What is MEMS Technology?
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2004年01月12日08:45:50 星期一), 站内信件
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration
of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics
on a common silicon substrate through the utilization of
microfabrication technology. While the electronics are
fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) process sequences
(e.g., CMOS, Bipolar, or BICMOS processes),
the micromechanical components are fabricated using
compatible "micromachining" processes that selectively etch
away parts of the silicon wafer or add new structural layers
to form the mechanical and electromechanical devices. MEMS
promises to revolutionize nearly every product category by
bringing together silicon-based microelectronics with
micromachining technology, thereby, making possible the
realization of complete systems-on-a-chip. MEMS is truly
an enabling technology allowing the development of smart
products by augmenting the computational ability of
microelectronics with the perception and control
capabilities of microsensors and microactuators.
MEMS is also an extremely diverse and fertile technology,
both in the applications it is expected to be used,
as well as in how the devices are designed and manufactured.
MEMS technology makes possible the integration of
microelectronics with active perception and control
functions, thereby, greatly expanding the design and
application space.
COMPONENTS OF MEMS
MICROSENSORS MICROACTUATORS
MICROELECTRONICS MICROSTRUCTURES
Microelectronic integrated circuits (ICs) can be thought
of as the "brains" of systems and MEMS augments this
decision-making capability with "eyes" and "arms",
to allow microsystems to sense and control the environment.
In its most basic form, the sensors gather information from
the environment through measuring mechanical, thermal,
biological, chemical, optical, and magnetic phenomena;
the electronics process the information derived from the
sensors and through some decision making capability direct
the actuators to respond by moving, positioning, regulating,
pumping, and filtering, thereby, controlling the environment
for some desired outcome or purpose. Since MEMS devices are
manufactured using batch fabrication techniques, similar to
ICs, unprecedented levels of functionality, reliability,
and sophistication can be placed on a small silicon chip
at a relatively low cost. MEMS technology is enabling new
discoveries in science and engineering such as the Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR) microsystems for DNA amplification
and identification, the micromachined Scanning Tunneling
Microscopes (STMs), biochips for detection of hazardous
chemical and biological agents, and microsystems for
high-throughput drug screening and selection. In the
industrial sector, MEMS devices are emerging as product
performance differentiators in numerous markets with a
projected market growth of over 50% per year. As a
breakthrough technology, allowing unparalleled synergy
between hitherto unrelated fields of endeavor such as
biology and microelectronics, many new MEMS applications
will emerge, expanding beyond that which is currently
identified or known.
MEMS PROCESSES
IC PROCESSES MICROMACHINING PROCESSES
Oxidation Bulk Micromachining
Diffusion Surface Micromachining
LPCVD Wafer Bonding
Photolith Deep Silicon RIE
Epitaxy LIGA
Sputtering Micromolding
etc. etc.
Although MEMS devices are extremely small (e.g. MEMS has
enabled electrically-driven motors smaller than the diameter
of a human hair to be realized), MEMS technology is not
about size. Furthermore, MEMS is not about making things
out of silicon, even though silicon possesses excellent
materials properties making it a attractive choice for
many high-performance mechanical applications (e.g. the
strength-to-weight ratio for silicon is higher than many
other engineering materials allowing very high bandwidth
mechanical devices to be realized). Instead, MEMS is a
manufacturing technology; a new way of making complex
electromechanical systems using batch fabrication techniques
similar to the way integrated circuits are made and making
these electromechanical elements along with electronics.
This new manufacturing technology has several distinct
advantages. First, MEMS is an extremely diverse technology
that potentially could significantly impact every category
of commercial and military products. Already, MEMS is used
for everything ranging from in-dwelling blood pressure
monitoring to active suspension systems for automobiles.
The nature of MEMS technology and its diversity of useful
applications makes it potentially a far more pervasive
technology than even integrated circuit microchips. Second,
MEMS blurs the distinction between complex mechanical
systems and integrated circuit electronics. Historically,
sensors and actuators are the most costly and unreliable
part of a macroscale sensory-actuator-electronics system.
In comparison, MEMS technology allows these complex
electromechanical systems to be manufactured using batch
fabrication techniques allowing the cost and reliability
of the sensors and actuators to be put into parity with
that of integrated circuits. Interestingly, even though
the performance of MEMS devices and systems is expected
to be superior to macroscale components and systems,
the price is predicted to be much lower.
As a recent example of the advantages of MEMS technology,
consider the MEMS accelerometers which are quickly replacing
conventional accelerometers for crash air-bag deployment
systems in automobiles. The conventional approach uses
several bulky accelerometers made of discrete components
mounted in the front of the car with separate electronics
near the air-bag and costs over $50. MEMS has made it
possible to integrate onto a single silicon chip the a
ccelerometer and electronics at a cost under $5 to $10.
These MEMS accelerometers are much smaller, more functional,
lighter, more reliable, and are sold for a fraction of the
cost of the conventional macroscale accelerometer elements.
Within the next few years, MEMS accelerometers are expected
to completely displace the conventional devices in all
foreign and domestic model cars. The dramatically lower
component costs of MEMS accelerometers allow manufactures
to consider placing air-bag deployment systems for
protection of passengers against side impacts. Continued
improvements in the MEMS accelerometer technologies over
the next few years may allow the sensor to determine the
size and weight of an auto passenger and calculate the
optimal response of the system to reduce the possibly of
air-bag deployment induced injuries.
--
一念不起为坐,见本性不乱为禅;
外不著相,内不乱为定
外禅内定,故名禅定,即时豁然,还得本心…….
※ 来源:·哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn·[FROM: 218.9.121.63]
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