Math 版 (精华区)
发信人: atong (sut), 信区: Math
标 题: Hilbert的Mathematical Problems演讲前半部3
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年05月06日16:42:22 星期二), 站内信件
Moreover a mathematical problem should be difficult in order to entice us, yet
not completely inaccessible, lest it mock at our efforts. It should be to us
a guide post on the mazy paths to hidden truths, and ultimately a reminder of
our pleasure in the successful solution.
The mathematicians of past centuries were accustomed to devote themselves to
the solution of difficult particular problems with passionate zeal. They knew
the value of difficult problems. I remind you only of the "problem of the
line of quickest descent," proposed by John Bernoulli. Experience teaches,
explains Bernoulli in the public announcement of this problem, that lofty
minds are led to strive for the advance of science by nothing more than by
laying before them difficult and at the same time useful problems, and he
therefore hopes to earn the thanks of the mathematical world by following the
example of men like Mersenne, Pascal, Fermat, Viviani and others and laying
before the distinguished analysts of his time a problem by which, as a
touchstone, they may test the value of their methods and measure their
strength. The calculus of variations owes its origin to this problem of
Bernoulli and to similar problems.
Fermat had asserted, as is well known, that the diophantine equation
x^n + y^n = z^n
(x, y and z integers) is unsolvable—except in certain self evident cases.
The attempt to prove this impossibility offers a striking example of the
inspiring effect which such a very special and apparently unimportant problem
may have upon science. For Kummer, incited by Fermat's problem, was led to
the introduction of ideal numbers and to the discovery of the law of the
unique decomposition of the numbers of a circular field into ideal prime
factors—a law which today, in its generalization to any algebraic field by
Dedekind and Kronecker, stands at the center of the modern theory of numbers
and whose significance extends far beyond the boundaries of number theory
into the realm of algebra and the theory of functions.
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