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发信人: zjliu (fly), 信区: Math
标 题: mathtools: mathematica4.2
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Sat Jul 6 17:58:50 2002) , 转信
发信人: GzLi (苍鹰-文子), 信区: MathTools
标 题: mathtools: mathematica4.2
发信站: 饮水思源 (2002年07月03日18:19:04 星期三), 站内信件
http://www.wolfram.com/products/mathematica/
why choose mathematica?
Technical computing systems rank among the most complex off-the-shelf
software
available today. Given this, it's hardly surprising that comparing
capabilities
of different products can be a daunting prospect. Even if you select a
system
that satisfies today's needs, will it meet the demands of tomorrow? This
Question and Answer area is designed to help you pick through a few of the
key issues that make Mathematica so exceptional.
What does "the world's only fully integrated technical computing system"
mean?
We've designed Mathematica to be useful throughout as much of a technical
person's workday as possible, not just for one or two tasks. Our customers
find that using one technical computing system, fully integrated between
different aspects, is many times more efficient than using several
specialized
systems. Mathematica is unique in having taken this approach to assisting
technical professionals.
Who are Mathematica's competitors?
There is no single competitor to the complete Mathematica environment.
Broadly
speaking, competitors break into a number of categories: numerical packages
, computer algebra systems, typesetting and documentation applications,
graphics
and statistics systems, traditional programming languages (interface
builders
), and spreadsheets. Since Mathematica first appeared, a few systems have
branched out from their initial purpose of covering one or two of these
categories to try to embrace others (e.g computer algebra systems that have
added numerical capabilities). Mathematica is unique in integrating these
capabilities coherently because only Mathematica's structure has always
been designed with this end in mind.
How does Mathematica's "smart numerics" differ from numerics in traditional
systems?
Our numerics differs in several ways. First, Mathematica automatically
chooses
the best algorithm for your problem and applies it adaptively: you don't
need to be a numerics expert to get reliable results very quickly even with
the toughest of problems. Traditional numerics applications force users
to manipulate input expressions by hand to get them into the restrictive
forms that the applications require for further processing. (For example,
the need to transform by hand a higher-order differential equation into
a system of first-order equations before entering them into the application
). Mathematica's numerics utilizes Mathematica's symbolic capabilities to
preprocess input and constructs the appropriate form for its numerical
algorithms
automatically. Moreover, Mathematica may repeat this strategy at any stage
of the computation, choosing from and switching between a broader range
of algorithms.
Additionally, Mathematica is not just limited to machine-precision
arithmetic
(usually 16 digits) but can compute with any size or accuracy of number.
Moreover, as it's computing, it tracks the precision of your calculations
and ensures the accuracy it ascribes to the results is justifiable.
How fast is Mathematica 4?
Very fast--considering the intelligent computation it's doing. We optimize
Mathematica to be able to take any kind of input efficiently--be it
symbolic
, machine, or arbitrary precision numbers. We also optimize Mathematica to
help you solve your problem from start to finish and as quickly as possible
, reducing combined problem specification and computation time rather than
just computation time. You don't have to specify how to calculate the
problem
; Mathematica uses intelligent techniques to get the right answer. That
takes
a little more computation time, but a lot less of your time.
Even if you measure computation time only, Mathematica will often beat
custom
C code or specialized systems through the use of more sophisticated
algorithms
, particularly when one top-level function call operates many lower-level
calls.
With just-in-time compilation and other state-of-the-art techniques,
Mathematica
4 spectacularly enhances the speed and efficiency of many kinds of
numerical
computations compared to previous versions.
Mathematica is renowned for its symbolic computational power, but how are
symbolic computations beneficial in practice?
Symbolic computations provide a general solution to your problem for a wide
range of cases rather than just at selected points. That means you can look
at the form of your model, plot it, test it numerically, and continue to
transform it symbolically without loss of accuracy. Additionally, some
techniques
are only applicable symbolically. For these reasons, you ideally want to
maintain your solution in a symbolic form as far into a computation as
possible
.
Keeping computations symbolic has traditionally meant doing them by hand-
-far less productive than doing numerical computations by computer. Not only
does Mathematica's symbolic capability change this, it greatly enhances
the sophistication of symbolic calculations that can be done at all. This
is achieved by combining the world's largest collection of mathematical
knowledge with the ability to process far larger expressions more quickly
than can be processed by hand. Moreover, the ability to mix symbolic
manipulation
, programmed computation, and numerical substitutions seamlessly is more
powerful than any of these individual abilities.
The realization of the advantages of symbolic computation have led
engineering
and financial analysis industry experts to predict widespread use of
symbolic
computations in their industries.
I've read in reviews that Mathematica is very well designed, but how does
that help my day-to-day work?
First, it makes it quicker to learn, since understanding a few simple rules
provides an understanding of how a large number of functions operate.
Rather
than learning the operation of each function individually, you only have
to learn a few simple rules and then you can predict many details of how
other functions will operate.
Second, outputs from calculations are structured correctly to be used
immediately
as input for other calculations--even when the latter calculation is of
a very different nature.
Third, you can be confident that work you do today will continue to be
compatible
with future versions of Mathematica; careful design makes later changes
unnecessary, even when the underlying algorithms are improved.
It takes time to appreciate the usefulness of Mathematica's meticulous
design
. But the more heavily you rely on your technical computing system, the more
crucial good design becomes. Wolfram Research is unique among technical
computing products in ascribing this level of importance to design.
Why should I consider such a comprehensive system as Mathematica when I only
have a specialized task to do?
If your work involves just one well-defined task which fits precisely into
one of the traditional categories of software (numerics, algebra, graphics
, etc.) and will never change, you might find it acceptable to use a
specialized
product. But this situation is very rare! Usually, you'll want other
capabilities
too--if not immediately, then after a little while. At some point your
specialized
system simply may not be capable of doing what you want, giving you stark
choices: abandon what you wanted to do with it, or move to another system
and invest more time and money. That's why so many people start with
Mathematica
. And those who don't often end up switching to Mathematica later for these
reasons.
But there are several other reasons to use Mathematica for specialized tasks
. First, its comprehensive capabilities help it to give you the right
answers
. For example, you might only want to use Mathematica's numerics, but
internally
Mathematica uses symbolic computation to optimize the numerical answers
it gives you. Second, by providing an all-in-one environment, Mathematica
allows standardization in technical computing tools across an organization
.
Can I be sure that results I get out of Mathematica are accurate?
You can be far more sure than by applying published mathematical theorems
, and far more sure than with the vast majority of technical computing
products
. Wolfram Research's software quality assurance program is one of the most
sophisticated in the industry. Every week, throughout the development
process
, Mathematica is subjected to an extensive battery of manual and automated
testing, including comparisons of nearly a half million computations
(chosen
from books of tables, bug reports, documented behavior, and other Wolfram
Research generated tests) with known results. Mathematica's ability to
solve
many problems in a variety of different ways (thereby allowing
self-checking
), automatic numerical precision control, and testing by the more than 1,
000,000 people who've used Mathematica contribute further to its robustness
. Because Mathematica is now viewed as a standard for reliability, many
major
companies specifically test their products against it.
Can I share results from Mathematica with colleagues who don't have it?
Yes, in several ways. Mathematica notebooks can be viewed and printed, cells
opened and closed, and animations run using MathReader--a utility free to
individuals. There is full compatibility between platforms. Mathematica
4 notebooks can also be saved as HTML, TeX, and RTF, among other formats.
Mathematica 4 is the first commercial software application able to save
mathematical formulas as MathML--the new standard for mathematical
typesetting
on the web.
What is MathML?
MathML is the new standard agreed by the W3C web consortium for presenting
mathematical typesetting on the web. Wolfram Research was a key contributor
to this standard which was heavily influenced by Mathematica's typesetting
system, introduced in Version 3.
Are there other ways that Mathematica can interact with the internet?
You can link a special Mathematica kernel to web pages to provide
calculation
ability on your web site. You can find an example at The Integrator, which
uses a Mathematica kernel server at Wolfram Research.
What is the .nb document standard?
The .nb document standard, used by Mathematica, MathReader, and other
products
, is an environment for technical documents. It combines text, graphics,
formulas, algorithms, hyperlinks, and buttons in one platform-independent
document. A Windows user can mail a .nb document to a Mac, Unix, and Linux
user, each using a different .nb-supporting product, and the notebook will
function identically. This makes the .nb standard an ideal information
conduit
for technical communication--a common means of communication for technical
professionals everywhere.
--
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学习没有任何捷径可言。不要欺骗你自己。
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