Math 版 (精华区)
发信人: wanderer (海王星的小鱼), 信区: Math
标 题: Nonliear Science FAQ(10)
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Mon May 15 21:33:59 2000), 转信
What is a Strange Attractor?
Before Chaos (BC?), the only known attractors were fixed
points, periodic orbits (limit cycles), and invariant tori
(quasiperiodic
orbits). In fact the famous Poincare-Bendixson theorem states that for a
pair
of first order differential equations, only fixed points and limit
cycles can
occur (there is no chaos in 2D flows).
In a famous paper in 1963, Ed Lorenz discovered that simple systems
of
three differential equations can have complicated attractors. The Lorenz
attractor (with its butterfly wings reminding us of sensitive dependence
is the "icon" of chaos. Lorenz showed
that
his attractor was chaotic, since it exhibited sensitive dependence.
Moreover,
his attractor is also "strange," which means that it is a fractal
The term strange attractor was introduced by Ruelle and Takens in
1970
in their discussion of a scenario for the onset of turbulence in fluid
flow.
They noted that when periodic motion goes unstable (with three or more
modes),
the typical result will be a geometrically strange object.
Unfortunately, the term strange attractor is often used for any chaotic
attractor. However, the term should be reserved for attractors that
are
"geometrically" strange, e.g. fractal. One can have chaotic attractors
that
are not strange (a trivial example would be to take a system like the
cat map,
which has the whole plane as a chaotic set, and add a third dimension
which is
simply contracting onto the plane). There are also strange, nonchaotic
contracting onto the plane). There are also strange, nonchaotic
attractors (see Grebogi, C., et al. (1984). "Strange Attractors that are
not
Chaotic." Physica D 13: 261-268).
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