Math 版 (精华区)
发信人: wanderer (海王星的小鱼), 信区: Math
标 题: Nonlinear Science FAQ(19)
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Mon May 15 21:50:03 2000), 转信
How do I know if my data are deterministic?
How can I tell if my data is deterministic? This is a very tricky
problem. It is difficult because in
practice no time series consists of pure 'signal.' There will always
be some form of corrupting
noise, even if it is present as roundoff or truncation error or as a
result of finite arithmetic or
quantization. Thus any real time series, even if mostly deterministic,
will be a stochastic processes
All methods for distinguishing deterministic and stochastic processes
rely on the fact that a
deterministic system will always evolve in the same way from a given
starting point. Thus given a
time series that we are testing for determinism we
(1) pick a test state
(2) search the time series for a similar or 'nearby' state and
(3) compare their respective time evolution.
Define the error as the difference between the time evolution of the
'test' state and the time
evolution of the nearby state. A deterministic system will have an error
that either remains small
(stable, regular solution) or increase exponentially with time
(chaotic solution). A stochastic
system will have a randomly distributed error.
Essentially all measures of determinism taken from time series rely upon
finding the closest states
to a given 'test' state (i.e., correlation dimension, Lyapunov
exponents, etc.). To define the state of
a system one typically relies on phase space embedding methods,
Typically one chooses an embedding dimension, and investigates the
propagation of the error
between two nearby states. If the error looks random, one increases
the dimension. If you can
increase the dimension to obtain a deterministic looking error, then you
are done. Though it may
sound simple it is not really! One complication is that as the dimension
increases the search for a
nearby state requires a lot more computation time and a lot of data (the
by state requires a lot more computation time and a lot of data (the
amount of data required
increases exponentially with embedding dimension) to find a suitably
close candidate. If the
embedding dimension (number of measures per state) is chosen too small
(less than the 'true' value)
deterministic data can appear to be random but in theory there is no
problem choosing the
dimension too large--the method will work. Practically, anything
approaching about 10
dimensions is considered so large that a stochastic description is
probably more suitable and
convenient anyway.
--
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