Math 版 (精华区)
发信人: wanderer (海王星的小鱼), 信区: Math
标 题: Nonlinear Science FAQ(27)
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Mon May 15 21:53:35 2000), 转信
What are solitons?
The process of obtaining a solution of a linear (constant coefficient)
differential equations is
simplified by the Fourier transform (it converts such an equation to
an algebraic equation, and we
all know that algebra is easier than calculus!); is there a
counterpart which similarly simplifies
nonlinear equations? The answer is No. Nonlinear equations are
qualitatively more complex than
linear equations, and a procedure which gives the dynamics as simply
as for linear equations must
contain a mistake. There are, however, exceptions to any rule.
Certain nonlinear differential equations can be fully solved by, e.g.,
the "inverse scattering
method." Examples are the Korteweg-de Vries, nonlinear Schrodinger,
and sine-Gordon equations.
In these cases the real space maps, in a rather abstract way, to an
inverse space, which is
comprised of continuous and discrete parts and evolves linearly in time.
The continuous part
typically corresponds to radiation and the discrete parts to stable
solitary waves, i.e. pulses, whichare called solitons. The linear evolution
of tthe inverse space means
that solitons will emerge
virtually unaffected from interactions with anything, giving them
great stability.
More broadly, there is a wide variety of systems which support stable
solitary waves through a
balance of dispersion and nonlinearity. Though these systems may not
be integrable as above, in
many cases they are close to systems which are, and the solitary waves
may share many of the
stability properties of true solitons, especially that of surviving
interactions with other solitary
waves (mostly) unscathed. It is widely accepted to call these solitary
waves solitons, albeit with
qualifications.
Why solitons? Solitons are simply a fundamental nonlinear wave
phenomenon. Many very basic
linear systems with the addition of the simplest possible or first order
nonlinearity support solitons;
nonlinearity support solitons;
this universality means that solitons will arise in many important
physical situations. Optical fibers
can support solitons, which because of their great stability are an
ideal medium for transmitting
information. In a few years long distance telephone communications
will likely be carried via
solitons.
The soliton literature is by now vast. Two books which contain clear
discussions of solitons as
well as references to original papers are A. C. Newell, Solitons in
Mathematics and Physics,
SIAM, Philadelphia, Penn. (1985) M.J. Ablowitz and P.A.Clarkson,
Solitons, nonlinear evolution
equations and inverse scattering, Cambridge (1991).
<http://www.cup.org/Titles/38/0521387302.html>
--
找一个爱我的人、懂得照顾我的人,否则只有操心至死
列文充满绝望地看着吉蒂,看着她笑语安然,好像列文根本不存在似的.......
※ 来源:.紫 丁 香 bbs.hit.edu.cn.[FROM: 202.118.226.50]
Powered by KBS BBS 2.0 (http://dev.kcn.cn)
页面执行时间:3.850毫秒