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发信人: wanderer (海王星的小鱼), 信区: Math
标 题: Nonlinear Science FAQ(30)
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Mon May 15 22:17:09 2000), 转信
What is a Bifurcation?
A bifurcation is a qualitative change in dynamics upon a small variation
in the parameters of a
system.
Many dynamical systems depend on parameters, e.g. Reynolds number,
catalyst density,
temperature, etc. Normally a gradually variation of a parameter in the
system corresponds to the
gradual variation of the solutions of the problem. However, there exists
a large number of
problems for which the number of solutions changes abruptly and the
structure of solution
manifolds varies dramatically when a parameter passes through some
critical values. For example,
the abrupt buckling of a stab when the stress is increased beyond a
critical value, the onset of
convection and turbulence when the flow parameters are changed, the
formation of patterns in
certain PDE's, etc. This kind of phenomena is called bifurcation, i.e. a
qualitative change in the
behavior of solutions of a dynamics system, a partial differential
equation or a delay differential
equation.
Bifurcation theory is a method for studying how solutions of a nonlinear
problem and their
stability change as the parameters varies. The onset of chaos is often
studied by bifurcation theory.
For example, in certain parameterized families of one dimensional maps,
chaos occurs byinfinitely many period doubling bifurcations
(See <http://www.stud.ntnu.no/~berland/math/feigenbaum/>)
There are a number of well constructed computer tools for studying
bifurcations.
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