NanoST 版 (精华区)
发信人: heat (heat@给你的热量), 信区: NanoST
标 题: What are carbon nanotubes?
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2004年04月08日05:38:16 星期四), 站内信件
What are carbon nanotubes?
A "Carbon Nanotube" is a tube-shaped material, made of carbon, that has a d
iameter measuring on the nanometer scale. A nanometer is one one-billionth o
f a meter, or about one ten-thousandth of the thickness of a human hair. The
graphite layer appears somewhat like a rolled-up chicken wire with a contin
uous unbroken hexagonal mesh and carbon molecules at the apexes of the hexag
ons. In some cases, the hexagons are arranged in a spiral form. The pattern
is reminiscent of the Japanese art of bamboo basket weaving ("Takekago").
Solid state carbon has been known to appear in four basic forms: "diamond st
ructures,""graphite structures,""non-crystalline structures" (such as charco
al), and "fullerene molecules" such as C60, which is comprised of 60 carbon
molecules clustered in a soccer ball shape. Fullerene molecules were discove
red in 1985. The carbon nanotubes that I discovered thus became the fifth ty
pe of solid state carbon.
The carbon nanotubes that I found in 1991 had multiple walls, but in 1993 I
discovered single-wall carbon nanotubes that were one nanometer thick and se
veral tens of nanometers long. (These were discovered separately at IBM arou
nd the same time.) Later, our group promoted research into material characte
rization and computational physics, and this became the forerunner of carbon
nanotube research. In 1996, Thomas Ebbesen's group at the Princeton NEC Res
earch Institute succeeded in measuring the electrical characteristics of car
bon nanotubes.
Then, in 1998, during the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) Int
ernational Cooperative Research Project "Nanotubulites," I discovered single
-layer graphite shaped like a tube with a closed end, which was later to be
given the name "Carbon Nanohorn." These carbon nanohorns were comprised of c
arbon collected in the shape of an bull's horn covered over with a hood.
Carbon nanotubes have many structures, differing in length, thickness, type
of spiral, and number of layers. Although they are formed from essentially t
he same graphite sheet, their electrical characteristics differ depending on
these variations, acting either as metals or semiconductors.
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认识我的人都说我有"cai 气",
可惜不是这个"财",也不是这个"才",
是材料的"材"!
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