Physics 版 (精华区)
发信人: zjliu (秋天的萝卜), 信区: Physics
标 题: Common candies yield physics discovery
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Sat Mar 13 12:25:52 2004), 站内信件
Princeton University
Common candies yield physics discovery
by Steven Schultz
For most people, a regular lunch of M&M's and coffee would lead to no good. Fo
r Princeton physicist Paul Chaikin and collaborators, it spurred fundamental i
nsights into an age-old problem in mathematics and physics
Chaikin and Princeton chemist Salvatore Torquato used the candies to investiga
te the physical and mathematical principles that come into play when particles
are poured randomly into a vessel. While seemingly simple, the question of ho
w particles pack together has been a persistent scientific problem for hundred
s of years and has implications for fields such as the design of high-density
ceramic materials for use in aerospace or other applications.
The researchers discovered that oblate spheroids, the shape of M&M's chocolate
candies, pack surprisingly more densely than regular spheres when poured rand
omly and shaken. Extending the work with further experiments and sophisticated
computer simulations, they found that a related shape, the ellipsoid, packs a
t random even more densely than the tightest possible, perfectly ordered arran
gement of spheres. Previously, scientists did not know that randomly assembled
particles could pack so densely."
It is a startling and wonderful result," said Sidney Nagel, a physicist at the
University of Chicago. "One doesn't normally stop to think about this. If you
did, you might have guessed what would happen, but you'd have guessed wrongly
."
The researchers published their results in the Feb. 13 issue of Science magazi
ne.
A surprising element of the results is that the small change from sphere to sp
heroid -- one is just a squashed or stretched version of the other -- produced
a major change in the random packing density. When poured randomly, spheres o
ccupy about 64 percent of the space in the container. M&M's, by contrast, achi
eve a density of about 68 percent. In non-random packings -- those that are la
id out in regular repeating patterns -- changing from sphere to spheroid has n
o significant effect on the packing density."
We just stretched a sphere and suddenly things changed dramatically," said Tor
quato. "I think that is remarkable."
The full story is available in a news release.
http://www.princeton.edu/pr/news/04/q1/0212-candy.htm
Princeton physicist Paul Chaikin (left) channeled his taste for M&M's into an
exploration of how particles pack together, a longstanding scientific problem.
His collaborators included Princeton chemist Salvatore Torquato (right).
photo: Denise Applewhite
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