Physics 版 (精华区)
发信人: zjliu (fly), 信区: Physics
标 题: Edward Witten介绍 2
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Mon Aug 26 20:38:58 2002) , 转信
发信人: dididada (小王子@小行星B612), 信区: Mathematics
标 题: Edward Witten介绍 2
发信站: 华南网木棉站 (Mon Aug 26 02:42:05 2002), 转信
Edward Witten studied at Brandis University and received his B.A. in 1971. F
rom there he went to Princeton receiving his M.A. in 1974 and his Ph.D. in 1
976.
After completing his doctorate, Witten went to Harvard where he was postdoct
oral fellow during session 1976-77 and then a Junior Fellow from 1977 to 198
0. In September 1980 Witten was appointed professor of Physics at Princeton.
He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1982 and remained as professor of
Physics at Princeton until 1987 when he was appointed as a Professor in the
School of Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study.
Basically Witten is a mathematical physicist and he has a wealth of importan
t publications which are properly in physics. However, as Atiyah writes in [
3]:-
Although he is definitely a physicist (as his list of publications clearly s
hows) his command of mathematics is rivalled by few mathematicians, and his
ability to interpret physical ideas in mathematical form is quite unique. Ti
me and again he has surprised the mathematical community by his brilliant ap
plication of physical insight leading to new and deep mathematical theorems.
Speaking at the American Mathematical Society Centennial Symposium in 1988,
Witten explained the relation between geometry and theoretical physics:-
It used to be that when one thought of geometry in physics, one thought chie
fly of classical physics - and in particular general relativity - rather tha
n quantum physics. ... Of course, quantum physics had from the beginning a m
arked influence in many areas of mathematics - functional analysis and repre
sentation theory, to mention just two. ... Several important influences have
brought about a change in this situation. One of the principal influences w
as the recognition - clearly established by the middle 1970s - of the centra
l role of nonabelian gauge theory in elementary particle physics. The other
main influence came from the emerging study of supersymmetry and string theo
ry.
In his study of these areas of theoretical physics, Witten has achieved a le
vel of mathematics which has led him to be awarded the highest honour that a
mathematician can receive, namely a Fields Medal. He received the medal at
the International Congress of Mathematicians which was held in Kyoto, Japan
in 1990. The Proceedings of the Congress contains two articles describing Wi
tten's mathematical work which led to the award. The main tribute is the art
icle [3] by Atiyah, but Atiyah could not be in Kyoto to deliver the address
so the address at the Congress was delivered by Faddeev [5] who quotes freel
y from Atiyah [3].
The first major contribution which led to Witten's Fields Medal was his simp
ler proof of the positive mass conjecture which had led to a Fields Medal fo
r Yau in 1982. Gawedzki and Soulé describe this work by Witten, which appea
red in 1981, in [9]:-
The proof ... employed in a subtle way the idea of supersymmetry. This becam
e the centrepiece of many of Witten's subsequent works...
One of Witten's subsequent works was a paper which Atiyah singles out for sp
ecial mention in [3], namely Supersymmetry and Morse theory which appeared i
n the Journal of differential geometry in 1984. Atiyah writes that this pape
r is:-
... obligatory reading for geometers interested in understanding modern quan
tum field theory. It also contains a brilliant proof of the classic Morse in
equalities, relating critical points to homology. ... Witten explains that "
supersymmetric quantum mechanics" is just Hodge-de Rham theory. The real aim
of the paper is however to prepare the ground for supersymmetric quantum fi
eld theory as the Hodge-de Rham theory of infinite dimensional manifolds. It
is a measure of Witten's mastery of the field that he has been able to make
intelligent and skilful use of this difficult point of view in much of his
subsequent work.
Since this highly influential paper, the ideas in it have become of central
importance in the study of differential geometry. Further new ideas of funda
mental importance were introduced by Witten and described in [9]:-
Witten subsequently gave a string interpretation of the elliptic genus and p
rovided arguments for its rigidity ... Another piece of new mathematics stem
med from Witten's papers on global gravitational anomalies. ... In recent ye
ars, Witten focused his attention on topological quantum field theories. The
se correspond to Lagrangians ... formally giving manifold invariants. Witten
described these in terms of the invariants of Donaldson and Floer (extendin
g the earlier ideas of Atiyah) and generalised the Jones knot polynomial ...
The authors of [9] sum up Witten's contributions to mathematics:-
Although mostly not in the form of completed proofs, Witten's ideas have tri
ggered major mathematical developments by the force of their vision and thei
r conceptual clarity, his main discoveries soon becoming theorems. His Field
s Medal at the 1990 International Congress of Mathematicians acknowledged th
e growing impact of his work on contemporary mathematics.
Atiyah, in [3], expresses the same ideas in the following way:-
... he has made a profound impact on contemporary mathematics. In his hands
physics is once again providing a rich source of inspiration and insight in
mathematics. Of course physical insight does not always lead to immediately
rigorous mathematical proofs but it frequently leads one in the right direct
ion, and technically correct proofs can then hopefully be found. This is the
case with Witten's work. So far the insight has never let him down and rigo
rous proofs, of the standard we mathematicians rightly expect, have always b
een forthcoming.
--
美丽有两种
一种是简明又深刻的方程
一种是你淡淡的微笑
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