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发信人: zjliu (fly), 信区: Physics
标 题: Giant Ions Invade BECs (From APS)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Tue Aug 27 18:11:04 2002) , 转信
标 题: Giant Ions Invade BECs (From APS)
发信站: 饮水思源 (Tue Aug 27 17:53:42 2002) , 转信
Giant Ions Invade BECs
If physics had a sideshow, the latest addition would surely be this: bacterium
-s
ized ions. According to new theoretical results, normal ions dropped into a Bo
se
-Einstein condensate (BEC)--an ultracold gas in its quantum mechanical ground
st
ate--could seed the formation of micron-wide charged shells of atoms, or "mole
cu
lar ions." These objects, described in the 26 August print issue of PRL, could
s
erve as moveable microtraps for atoms or aid in testing condensed matter theor
ie
s.
Whenever a gas gets sufficiently cold, ions attract a crowd by polarizing surr
ou
nding atoms--inducing a charge asymmetry in them--which draws them near. Exper
im
enters have already seen electron bubbles and ion blobs, or "snowballs," in su
pe
rfluid helium, but its high density seems to prevent large shells from forming
a
round ions. In a normal cold gas, an ion might slowly accumulate atoms, but co
ll
isions would disrupt the cluster before a bubble could form.
Now a team of theorists calculates that the process should proceed more rapidl
y
and be more stable for ions swimming in a BEC. As polarized atoms careen towar
ds
an ion, some invariably collide. Some of the collision energy can be channele
d
into a collective shudder of the condensate called a phonon. Such collisions c
an
sap enough energy from an atom that it drops into orbit around the ion. As at
om
s accumulate, they repel each other and expand like a balloon. Collisions with
in
the bubble should eventually drain the atoms' energy and collapse them into a
b
lob. The collapse would probably take at least a millisecond, says co-author R
ob
in C魌?of the University of Connecticut in Storrs, time enough for several hun
d
red atoms to grow into a shell at least a micron wide, if not larger.
Ions might be introduced with a laser set just a bit higher than the ionizatio
n
energy of a BEC, or by simply combining a cloud with an ion trap, C魌?says. Re
s
earchers could accelerate the shells with an electric field and detect them ba
se
d on their speed. A strong enough field might even yank them free of the atom
cl
oud, so they could be isolated and allowed to evolve or used to transport atom
s.
What's neat about the molecular ion is "it makes a bridge between condensed m
at
ter physics and atomic physics," says C魌? It might be used to check condensed
matter theories, for example. "Whenever you have a new system, it's new physic
s,
and it's a lot of fun."
Experimentalist Steven Rolston of the National Institute of Standards and Tech
no
logy in Gaithersburg, Maryland, expects an ion trap might be necessary to keep
s
tray electric fields from punting the bubble free but says that wouldn't be ha
rd
to engineer. In pure physics terms, the phenomenon "seems to be a further exa
mp
le of the breadth of the physics that is coming about from BECs, much more tha
n
anyone anticipated."
--JR Minkel
Mesoscopic Molecular Ions in Bose-Einstein Condensates
R. C魌? V. Kharchenko, and M. D. Lukin
Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 093001
(print issue of 26 August 2002)
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