Physics 版 (精华区)
发信人: zjliu (秋天的萝卜), 信区: Physics
标 题: 电子空穴气中导电绝缘相变得超快探测
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Thu Jun 12 20:12:05 2003)
Nature 423, 734 - 738 (2003); doi:10.1038/nature01676
Ultrafast terahertz probes of transient conducting and insulating phases in
an electron–hole gas
R. A. KAINDL*, M. A. CARNAHAN*, D. H?GELE*?, R. L?VENICH* & D. S. CHEMLA*
* Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, and
Materials Sciences Division, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
Berkeley, California 94720, USA
? Institut für Festk?rperphysik, Universit?t Hannover, Appelstrae 2, 30167
Hannover, Germany
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to R.A.K.
(RAKaindl@lbl.gov).
Many-body systems in nature exhibit complexity and self-organization
arising from seemingly simple laws. For example, the long-range Coulomb
interaction between electrical charges has a simple form, yet is
responsible for a plethora of bound states in matter, ranging from the
hydrogen atom to complex biochemical structures. Semiconductors form an
ideal laboratory for studying many-body interactions of electronic
quasiparticles among themselves and with lattice vibrations and light.
Oppositely charged electron and hole quasiparticles can coexist in an
ionized but correlated plasma, or form bound hydrogen-like pairs called
excitons. The pathways between such states, however, remain elusive in
near-visible optical experiments that detect a subset of excitons with
vanishing centre-of-mass momenta. In contrast, transitions between internal
exciton levels, which occur in the far-infrared at terahertz (1012 s-1)
frequencies, are independent of this restriction, suggesting their use as a
probe of electron–hole pair dynamics. Here we employ an ultrafast
terahertz probe to investigate directly the dynamical interplay of
optically-generated excitons and unbound electron–hole pairs in GaAs
quantum wells. Our observations reveal an unexpected quasi-instantaneous
excitonic enhancement, the formation of insulating excitons on a 100-ps
timescale, and the conditions under which excitonic populations prevail.
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