Physics 版 (精华区)
发信人: FDTD (放荡*坦荡), 信区: Physics
标 题: [转寄] Super-cool detector spots single photons(转载)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年10月29日07:27:14 星期三), 站内信件
【 以下文字转载自 FDTD 的信箱 】
【 原文由 dwq.bbs@bbs.nju.edu.cn 所发表 】
发信人: nanoH (奋青帮※舟摇摇以轻殇), 信区: Physics
标 题: Super-cool detector spots single photons
发信站: 南京大学小百合站 (Tue Oct 28 12:50:33 2003)
Super-cool detector spots single photons
22 October 2003
Physicists in the US have made a single-pixel detector that can measure the en
ergies of single photons. The device, which is based on superconducting alumin
ium, could be built into large arrays to make detectors for the world's most p
owerful telescopes (P Day et al. 2003 Nature 425 817).
Astronomers routinely use charge-coupled detectors (CCDs) in telescopes to cap
ture and measure the light emitted by stars and galaxies. However, these detec
tors cannot simultaneously detect individual photons and record their energy b
ecause of noise. Single-photon detectors would significantly improve the perfo
rmance of telescopes and other astrophysical experiments, such as measurement
of the cosmic microwave background.
cool detector
http://bbs1.nju.edu.cn/file/detector.jpg
The device in this image is an array of ‘strip’ detectors intended for imagi
ng of IR/visible/UV radiation. The strip in the centre absorbs the photons. Mi
crowave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) on either side are used to measur
e the photon's energy and to determine where on the strip the photon was absor
bed. These strips are stacked to build a focal plane (with dimensions of about
a millimetre.) The background is an image of the Cosmic Microwave Background
from the Wilkinson Microwave Anistropy Probe (WMAP).
Photo credit: Peter K Day
Jonas Zmuidzinas and colleagues at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Calif
ornia Institute of Technology made their detector from a single layer of super
conducting aluminium about 2 angstroms thick. At temperatures near 1 kelvin a
resistance-free current flows in the film due to the movement of Cooper pairs
of electrons. When photons hit the film, however, some of these pairs break up
and this causes a reduction in the supercurrent. Zmuidzinas and colleagues me
asured this change with a microwave probe, which allowed them to calculate the
energies of individual photons.
The detector operates at low temperatures to eliminate the thermal effects tha
t would otherwise disrupt a single-photon signal. However, the device is relat
ively simple to fabricate, so it could easily be made into a large array that
contains hundreds of pixels. Comparable existing devices contain only about 40
pixels.
The team is now working to improve the sensitivity of the detector. "With abou
t an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity, the detectors would be com
patible with the most demanding applications," team member Peter Day told Phys
icsWeb. "We are looking forward to building a prototype instrument using this
technology for a telescope such as the Caltech Submillimetre Observatory (CSO)
"
Author
Belle Dumé is Science Writer at PhysicsWeb
--
※ 来源:.南京大学小百合站 http://bbs.nju.edu.cn [FROM: 202.119.45.244]
--
※ 转寄:.南京大学小百合站 bbs.nju.edu.cn.[FROM: 202.118.247.106]
--
※ 转载:.哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn.[FROM: 202.118.247.106]
Powered by KBS BBS 2.0 (http://dev.kcn.cn)
页面执行时间:7.471毫秒